104學年度 第一學期 普通心理學 期中考 任課教授：黃啟泰、廖瑞銘 一、選擇題(30%) 1.Dynamic systems theory views development as arising from the interaction between a child and: A.the child's cultural contex. B.the child's environmental context. C.the child's genetic makeup. D.both A and B. 2.Synaptic pruning is: A.the brain's way of doing away with synaptic connections that are not being used. B.a process induced by teratogens that negatively affects development. C.a process that occurs in all brain areas at the same time. D.a process that is dettimental to normal brain development. 3.Harlow's research with infant monkeys demonstrated that: A.fear can be reduced by food. B.when fearful, infant monkeys lose their appetites. C.fear produces a preference for contact comfort over food. D.fear inhibits the development of attachment behaviors. 4.Infantile amnesia refers to the observation that: A.infants quickly forget stimuli they have seen recently. B.infants repress any unpleasant images they see. C.adults are unable to remember things that occurred to them before about the age of 3. D.we can remember what occruued in infancy but not why it occurred. 5.If the ventral stream of your visual cortex were not working temporarily, you would be unable to understand ____ an object is; but if your dorsal stream was still functioning, you could understand ____ an object is. A.where; what B.what; where C.where; why D.what; why 6.Consider the two following patterns: >>>>><<<<< and +++++*****. The ten characters in the first pattern are perceived as a single figure, whereas the ten characters in the second pattern are perceived as two groups of five characters each. Which Gestalt principle accounts for this outcome? A.Similarity B.Symmetry C.proximity D.closure 7.Yellow is considered one of the primary colors, but there is no cone specialized to respond to yellow light. When we see yellow, it is because the light is stimulating the: A.S cones very little and the L and M cones equally. B.S cones very little, the L cones greatly, and the M cones moderately. C.S and M cones equally and the L cones very little. D.S and L cones equally and the M cones greatly. 8.The unconscious mind influences human behavior, according to: A.structuralism. B.psychoanalysis. C.functionalism. D.behaviorism. 9.Who would be most likely to agree with the statemet, "Psychologists should study that which is observable"? A.a cognitive psychologist B.a behavioral psychologist C.a developmental psychologist D.an industrial/organizational psychologist 10.The varibale that a researcher manipulates in an experiment is called the: A.independent variable. B.dependent variable. C.confounding variable D.stimulus. 11.Students who study little for tests tend to make more errors on tests; students who study a lot tend to make fewer errors. If a researcher collected data on both amount of studying and test scores, he or she would likely spot a(n): A.ingerential statistic. B.variable standard deviation. C.positive correlation. D.negative correlation. 12.Which of the following best represents a medium negative correlation> A.0.49 B.0.53 C.0.97 D.0.22 13.Chemical substances that carry messages from one neuron to the next are called: A.Agonists B.Neurotransmitters C.enzymes D.none of the above 14.A gene is: A.a segment of DNA that is involved in producing proteins that carry out specific tasks. B.the same as a chromosome. C.a segment of RNA that carries out specific cellular building tasks. D.programmed to produce protein irrespective of the environment. 15.Which of the followings is related the study of split brain by Dr. R. Sperry? A.the initiation of Human Genomes Project B.the function of prefrontal cortex in associated to social behavior C.violent behavior correlated with the gene of monoamine oxidase(MAO) D.the function of language predominated in the left hemisphere 二、解釋名詞 30%(每題5分) 1.感覺(sensation)vs.知覺(perception) 2.色彩三元論(trichromatic theory)vs.色彩拮抗理論(opponent color theory) 3.陌生情境測試(the strange-situation test) 4.神經新生(neurogenesis or plasticity) 5.科學方法(the scientific method) 6.效度(validity)vs.信度(reliability) 三、問答題 40% 1.什麼樣的心理學理論可以解釋圖中後方的人物看起來比前方的人物更大(實際上大小相等)？請申論之。(10%) (圖略)(背景引導 產生單眼立體視覺) 2.根據皮亞傑(J Piaget)的認知發展階段理論，人在成長過程中會經歷哪些邏輯思維形式的轉變？(10%) 3.人體神經系統的架構(即中樞神經系統與周邊神經系統)分別有哪些組成？(7%) 4.神經元細胞(neuron)為何有導電性質？(3%)請以電位極性變化(polarization)與離子進或出細胞膜說明動作電位。(4%) 5.請寫出下列腦部組織所在(前腦、中腦、或後腦)，並說明其基本功能。(6%) Basal ganglia Medulla Thalamus Hippocampus Cerebellum Amygdala --

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