※ 引述《Cadi ( )》之銘言： : 有幾個疑問想請大家幫忙... (總共有八個問題。) : 1. (前文提到，現代父母對於到底該不該叫孩子做家事，感到猶豫不決， : 而這種態度源自多種深層的原因，其中之一便是時間壓力。) : The sources of our ambivalence about chores are varied and deep. : Some of the mixed feelings come from simple time pressure. : I once spoke at a school where the paretns, only slightly exaggerating, : told me that their children had so much homework each night that : they had to start in immmediately after arriving home from school. : The mothers served the children dinner on a tray : so they could keep working while they ate. : The children worked until late in the evening. : < Before bed the mothers would dip the children in the bathtub >, : slip them into their pajamas, and tell them to hurry and get to sleep : so that they would be rested for school the next day. : In the morning they would wake the sleepy little children : and help them get dressed. : No time for everyday chores for these young scholars. : 請問，這裡的 dip 有誇飾的成分嗎？(好像浸一下就提起來那種感覺) : 還是純粹是敘述讓小孩很短暫的泡一下澡就起來呢？ 這一整段的敘述都在強調"趕時間" 如 dinner on a tray, dip, slip, hurry and get to sleep 所以嚴格上來說 dip 是誇飾 (又不是燙青菜哪能過一下水就起鍋的) 但這是為了在閱讀時讀者得以理解整段中那種"趕、趕、趕"的意境 : 2. (前文提到，有些爸媽不想叫孩子做家事的心態其實比較不健康， : 他們因為覺得寂寞或沒有安全感，因此一直嘮叨孩子， : 希望能用這樣子的方式跟孩子繼續保持緊密的關係。) : Paradoxically, effective parenting can cause parental separation anxiety. : If we really expect and demand that children take responsibility, : we may no longer need to nag them. : But if we are suffering from a sense of loneliness in marriage or : feelings of insecurity in our fragmented world, we may unconsciously : seek the involvement and intimate connection with our children that : nagging and reminding bring. : And there's yet another hidden advantage to having irresponsible children-- : < if we keep them dependent on us we won't have to face our own mortality >. : We'll always be a helpless someone's mommy or daddy. : 請問，這裡的 our own mortality 應單純是 "自己的生命終將殞滅"， : 還是應該引申為 "孩子終有一天不再需要我們" 呢？ 可以折衷譯為"自己終將老去" : (雖然 mortality 的各種字義裡似乎並沒有第二種意思...) : 3. 前文提到，現代的家長把小孩保護得太好，導致他們欠缺生活能力； : 有位美術老師說自己在帶小二生用紙漿做雕塑時： : The children need to pour water from a large pitcher into a bowl. : None of the kids volunteered to do the pouring. : "Do you guys know how to pour?" Have you ever done it before?" I asked. : It turned out that none of them had! It's so modern. : They can't pour, but I'll bet they all knew how to load software : on the computer by the time they were in kindergarten. : 請問，這裡的 it's so modern 是指 "這真的是只有在這個時代才會發生的事" 嗎？ 這真是個現代才會有的問題 : 4. 前文提到，現代家長雖然會找很多理由讓孩子不用做家事 : (譬如他們課業很重，我自己做比較快等等)， : 但其實他們內心也知道做家事對孩子是有好處的。 : Once you are convinced of the genuine value of household chores, : you can shed your guilt and ambivalence and assign table-clearing and : pot-washing duties confidently. In our hearts, of course, we know that : chores are good for us. : I recall a conversation in one of my parenting classes that brought to light : < just how hungry mothers are for meaningful chores to give their kids >. : 這句我我總覺得看起來文法怪怪的... 有人可以告訴我類似的例句嗎？ o_O : 請問這是是 "母親有多麼渴望讓孩子做有意義的家事" 嗎？ : 為什麼不講 : how hungry mothers are to give their kids meaningful chores 呢？ : (還是說...這樣講不對？) 如果很吹毛求疵的話，你的不對。母親渴望的不是"要給孩子有意義的家事"這件事 渴望的是"有意義的家事"，有了有意義的家事再把它給孩子 原文不言而喻的是母親不知道哪些家事是有意義的 (母親：拖地板會培養甚麼特質? 叫孩子洗碗如果打破碗會不會反而給孩子挫折感?) 你的說法變成了母親沒家事可作(家裡請菲傭)，甚至沒孩子可給家事(孩子不回家) 但其實整段文章看下來，你的改寫也還好，其實不應該會被誤解。 : 5. 作者解釋該如何選擇讓孩子做哪些家事。 : When it comes to assigning tasks, a major stumbling block for parents : is lack of basic knowledge about which chores should begin when. : Because we don't live with an extended family of seasoned parents : to provide child-rearing advice, we may be unsure about what is appropriate : to expect from our children. And because the world is changing so quickly, : the old rules may not apply. You can't send a six-year-old to the market : by herself to pick up some bread and milk anymore, but you can teach her : how to sweep the kitchen floor, and put away her clean clothes. : Children learn responsibility in phases. The important thing is that : your child continue to add more tasks as the years go by. : In general, children start with self-care, which includes toileting [...] : (接下來舉各種例子，包括四歲可以自己洗手、刷牙，澆花、擦桌子， : 五歲可以收玩具，整理床鋪，把髒衣服放進洗衣籃， : 再大一點的孩子可以幫忙擺碗筷、收碗筷等等。) : The next stage is care for the family and the household. Here your child : contributes to the smooth running of the ship by helping to set and clear : the table, bandaging a sister's skinned knee. Older children and teenagers : graduate to cooking, washing the car, and earning their own spending money. : < The family is the little laboratory for what Judaism sees : as the most mature stage of responsibility, : where we treat our community as family, give charity, : and provide service to others. > : 請問，這裡的 mature stage 是什麼意思？ : 理解為成熟的時期/階段似乎不對， : 如果試著把 stage 解釋為舞台之類的意思.. 好像還是不對... 猶太教認為家庭是給孩子實習(原文為"實驗"但這樣翻不合中文習慣)如何負起大人的 責任的一個實驗室，孩子可從家中學習如何愛鄰如親、如何做善事、以及如何提供 服務于他人。 大概醬~文筆自己修 : 6. 前文提到，有些孩子脾氣較拗執、難以管教， : 而該懲罰的時候雖然還是要懲罰，但是手段應該溫和。 : In Jewish philosophy, there are two basic views about how to : motivate children to take responsibility. One is that chronic noncompliance : requires strong discipline. It is said that Rabbi Joshua told his students, : "The child may be compared to a heifer : -- if he is not taught to plow when young, it will be difficult for : him to do so in the end; : or to a wine branch : -- if you do not bend it when it is full of sap, once it hardens, : you can do nothing with it." : How do we teach and bend? In Proverbs we read several versions of : "spare the rod and spoil the child": "For he whom God lovs God admonishes", : and "Correct your child and he well provide you rest". : But Torah teaches us to administer discipline with a light hand. : The weight of Jewish tradition forbids humiliating, threatening, : or physically harming a child and advises us to follow the example of God, : who never punishes without previous warning and without telling the : transgressor what to expect if he continues to misbehave. : 請問，這裡的 weight 是甚麼意思呢？我查遍字典都查不出符合的意思.. : *Torah是猶太律法書，內容是猶太人為人處事的守則。 weight 在此 = 傾向、多數 等意思 : 7. 前文提到，有個媽媽讓孩子逐步參與家務， : 包括把自己的書包、外套掛好，收拾碗筷等等。 : 但是這個孩子老是忘記吃完晚飯要收碗筷，不管怎麼提醒、怎麼威脅利誘都沒用。 : 後來媽媽改成只要孩子把刀叉收到水槽沖一沖、再放到洗碗機裡就好。 : This job appealed to Sara because of its start-to-finish nature, : and she did without being reminded. : 這裡的 start-to-finish 同樣是我怎麼查都查不出來符合的意思... : 請問該怎麼解釋呢？ 一次搞定。 : 8. 作者表示，有數種方法能讓孩子養成做家事的習慣， : 其中一個是 give them what they need: : Parents need to make sure that children are given whatever they need : to perform their job, such as a carpet sweeper for a child who isn't : yet ready for a vaccum. Also match your expectations with the moment. : Most children are a "mixed multitude" all by themselves and : you'll find them helpful and responsible one day or week : and great sluggards the next. : (這裡的 mixed multitude 是取自聖經。 : 這個詞原本是用來形容 摩西領著渡過紅海、抵達應許之地的全部子民， : 而這群人是由埃及社會裡不同階層的人民組成的，彼此的身世背景差異很大。) : 請問，這裡的 all by themselves 是什麼意思呢？ : 我只查得到 "靠自己" 和 "單獨" 兩種意思.. 孩子自己一個人就可以像群眾一樣雜亂不一，今天樂於服務、明天不鞭不動 : 非常感謝！！ -- 'Cause it's a bittersweet symphony, this life Trying to make ends meet, You're a slave to money then you die -Bittersweet Symphony, The Verve --

※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 70.166.3.190