※ 引述《Cadi ( )》之铭言： : 有几个疑问想请大家帮忙... (总共有八个问题。) : 1. (前文提到，现代父母对於到底该不该叫孩子做家事，感到犹豫不决， : 而这种态度源自多种深层的原因，其中之一便是时间压力。) : The sources of our ambivalence about chores are varied and deep. : Some of the mixed feelings come from simple time pressure. : I once spoke at a school where the paretns, only slightly exaggerating, : told me that their children had so much homework each night that : they had to start in immmediately after arriving home from school. : The mothers served the children dinner on a tray : so they could keep working while they ate. : The children worked until late in the evening. : < Before bed the mothers would dip the children in the bathtub >, : slip them into their pajamas, and tell them to hurry and get to sleep : so that they would be rested for school the next day. : In the morning they would wake the sleepy little children : and help them get dressed. : No time for everyday chores for these young scholars. : 请问，这里的 dip 有夸饰的成分吗？(好像浸一下就提起来那种感觉) : 还是纯粹是叙述让小孩很短暂的泡一下澡就起来呢？ 这一整段的叙述都在强调"赶时间" 如 dinner on a tray, dip, slip, hurry and get to sleep 所以严格上来说 dip 是夸饰 (又不是烫青菜哪能过一下水就起锅的) 但这是为了在阅读时读者得以理解整段中那种"赶、赶、赶"的意境 : 2. (前文提到，有些爸妈不想叫孩子做家事的心态其实比较不健康， : 他们因为觉得寂寞或没有安全感，因此一直唠叨孩子， : 希望能用这样子的方式跟孩子继续保持紧密的关系。) : Paradoxically, effective parenting can cause parental separation anxiety. : If we really expect and demand that children take responsibility, : we may no longer need to nag them. : But if we are suffering from a sense of loneliness in marriage or : feelings of insecurity in our fragmented world, we may unconsciously : seek the involvement and intimate connection with our children that : nagging and reminding bring. : And there's yet another hidden advantage to having irresponsible children-- : < if we keep them dependent on us we won't have to face our own mortality >. : We'll always be a helpless someone's mommy or daddy. : 请问，这里的 our own mortality 应单纯是 "自己的生命终将殒灭"， : 还是应该引申为 "孩子终有一天不再需要我们" 呢？ 可以折衷译为"自己终将老去" : (虽然 mortality 的各种字义里似乎并没有第二种意思...) : 3. 前文提到，现代的家长把小孩保护得太好，导致他们欠缺生活能力； : 有位美术老师说自己在带小二生用纸浆做雕塑时： : The children need to pour water from a large pitcher into a bowl. : None of the kids volunteered to do the pouring. : "Do you guys know how to pour?" Have you ever done it before?" I asked. : It turned out that none of them had! It's so modern. : They can't pour, but I'll bet they all knew how to load software : on the computer by the time they were in kindergarten. : 请问，这里的 it's so modern 是指 "这真的是只有在这个时代才会发生的事" 吗？ 这真是个现代才会有的问题 : 4. 前文提到，现代家长虽然会找很多理由让孩子不用做家事 : (譬如他们课业很重，我自己做比较快等等)， : 但其实他们内心也知道做家事对孩子是有好处的。 : Once you are convinced of the genuine value of household chores, : you can shed your guilt and ambivalence and assign table-clearing and : pot-washing duties confidently. In our hearts, of course, we know that : chores are good for us. : I recall a conversation in one of my parenting classes that brought to light : < just how hungry mothers are for meaningful chores to give their kids >. : 这句我我总觉得看起来文法怪怪的... 有人可以告诉我类似的例句吗？ o_O : 请问这是是 "母亲有多麽渴望让孩子做有意义的家事" 吗？ : 为什麽不讲 : how hungry mothers are to give their kids meaningful chores 呢？ : (还是说...这样讲不对？) 如果很吹毛求疵的话，你的不对。母亲渴望的不是"要给孩子有意义的家事"这件事 渴望的是"有意义的家事"，有了有意义的家事再把它给孩子 原文不言而喻的是母亲不知道哪些家事是有意义的 (母亲：拖地板会培养甚麽特质? 叫孩子洗碗如果打破碗会不会反而给孩子挫折感?) 你的说法变成了母亲没家事可作(家里请菲佣)，甚至没孩子可给家事(孩子不回家) 但其实整段文章看下来，你的改写也还好，其实不应该会被误解。 : 5. 作者解释该如何选择让孩子做哪些家事。 : When it comes to assigning tasks, a major stumbling block for parents : is lack of basic knowledge about which chores should begin when. : Because we don't live with an extended family of seasoned parents : to provide child-rearing advice, we may be unsure about what is appropriate : to expect from our children. And because the world is changing so quickly, : the old rules may not apply. You can't send a six-year-old to the market : by herself to pick up some bread and milk anymore, but you can teach her : how to sweep the kitchen floor, and put away her clean clothes. : Children learn responsibility in phases. The important thing is that : your child continue to add more tasks as the years go by. : In general, children start with self-care, which includes toileting [...] : (接下来举各种例子，包括四岁可以自己洗手、刷牙，浇花、擦桌子， : 五岁可以收玩具，整理床铺，把脏衣服放进洗衣篮， : 再大一点的孩子可以帮忙摆碗筷、收碗筷等等。) : The next stage is care for the family and the household. Here your child : contributes to the smooth running of the ship by helping to set and clear : the table, bandaging a sister's skinned knee. Older children and teenagers : graduate to cooking, washing the car, and earning their own spending money. : < The family is the little laboratory for what Judaism sees : as the most mature stage of responsibility, : where we treat our community as family, give charity, : and provide service to others. > : 请问，这里的 mature stage 是什麽意思？ : 理解为成熟的时期/阶段似乎不对， : 如果试着把 stage 解释为舞台之类的意思.. 好像还是不对... 犹太教认为家庭是给孩子实习(原文为"实验"但这样翻不合中文习惯)如何负起大人的 责任的一个实验室，孩子可从家中学习如何爱邻如亲、如何做善事、以及如何提供 服务于他人。 大概酱~文笔自己修 : 6. 前文提到，有些孩子脾气较拗执、难以管教， : 而该惩罚的时候虽然还是要惩罚，但是手段应该温和。 : In Jewish philosophy, there are two basic views about how to : motivate children to take responsibility. One is that chronic noncompliance : requires strong discipline. It is said that Rabbi Joshua told his students, : "The child may be compared to a heifer : -- if he is not taught to plow when young, it will be difficult for : him to do so in the end; : or to a wine branch : -- if you do not bend it when it is full of sap, once it hardens, : you can do nothing with it." : How do we teach and bend? In Proverbs we read several versions of : "spare the rod and spoil the child": "For he whom God lovs God admonishes", : and "Correct your child and he well provide you rest". : But Torah teaches us to administer discipline with a light hand. : The weight of Jewish tradition forbids humiliating, threatening, : or physically harming a child and advises us to follow the example of God, : who never punishes without previous warning and without telling the : transgressor what to expect if he continues to misbehave. : 请问，这里的 weight 是甚麽意思呢？我查遍字典都查不出符合的意思.. : *Torah是犹太律法书，内容是犹太人为人处事的守则。 weight 在此 = 倾向、多数 等意思 : 7. 前文提到，有个妈妈让孩子逐步参与家务， : 包括把自己的书包、外套挂好，收拾碗筷等等。 : 但是这个孩子老是忘记吃完晚饭要收碗筷，不管怎麽提醒、怎麽威胁利诱都没用。 : 後来妈妈改成只要孩子把刀叉收到水槽冲一冲、再放到洗碗机里就好。 : This job appealed to Sara because of its start-to-finish nature, : and she did without being reminded. : 这里的 start-to-finish 同样是我怎麽查都查不出来符合的意思... : 请问该怎麽解释呢？ 一次搞定。 : 8. 作者表示，有数种方法能让孩子养成做家事的习惯， : 其中一个是 give them what they need: : Parents need to make sure that children are given whatever they need : to perform their job, such as a carpet sweeper for a child who isn't : yet ready for a vaccum. Also match your expectations with the moment. : Most children are a "mixed multitude" all by themselves and : you'll find them helpful and responsible one day or week : and great sluggards the next. : (这里的 mixed multitude 是取自圣经。 : 这个词原本是用来形容 摩西领着渡过红海、抵达应许之地的全部子民， : 而这群人是由埃及社会里不同阶层的人民组成的，彼此的身世背景差异很大。) : 请问，这里的 all by themselves 是什麽意思呢？ : 我只查得到 "靠自己" 和 "单独" 两种意思.. 孩子自己一个人就可以像群众一样杂乱不一，今天乐於服务、明天不鞭不动 : 非常感谢！！ -- 'Cause it's a bittersweet symphony, this life Trying to make ends meet, You're a slave to money then you die -Bittersweet Symphony, The Verve --

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