※ 引述《seafood (河豚生鱼片)》之铭言： : ※ 引述《Geigemachen ()》之铭言： : : 推 eslite12:我觉得G兄这篇文章会回到一个老问题 就是民族的本质 01/12 00:24 : : → eslite12:民族本来就是社会大於血缘 不单是犹太人如此 01/12 00:25 : 前面举的例子，似乎都是在"人种外观"没有差别太大的情况下所发生的。 : 我听说过有黄种人信了犹太教，这样会被闪族犹太人认同吗? : 我没听说过有黑人信犹太教，我猜，那会比黄种人更难被闪族犹太认同 : 为同一民族。 如果你有听过衣索匹亚犹太人回归以色列的报导， 你就知道黑人入籍以色列不成问题，黄种的开封犹太人要入籍以色列也不是肤色的问题。 85%的衣索匹亚犹太人，据称他们是由犹太祖先与黑人所生下的黑人， 都依照以色列的回归法成功移民以色列，且直接取得以色列公民权， 这些黑皮肤的犹太人取得公民权的速度，跟白种的犹太教犹太人一样快。 这些衣索匹亚犹太黑人取得公民权，比改信天主教的白种犹太人还要快。 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Jew Nearly 85% of the Ethiopian Beta Israel community, comprising more than 120,000 people, have emigrated to Israel under its Law of Return, which gives Jews and those with Jewish parents or grandparents, and all of their spouses, the right to settle in Israel and obtain citizenship. The Israeli government has mounted rescue operations, most notably during Operation Moses (1984) and Operation Solomon (1991), for their migration when civil war and famine threatened populations within Ethiopia. Some immigration has continued up until the present day. 开封黄种犹太人，据称他们是由犹太祖先与中国人所生下的黄种人。 根据以色列回归法，他们无法直接获得以色列公民权，因为开封犹太人跟中国回教徒 太过友好以致於几乎是回教徒了。开封犹太人为了避免引起回教徒的敌意， 多数采取汉族的自我认同，不愿意移民回以色列，也不愿意取得以色列国籍获得公民权。 最近有一个开封犹太人家庭集体改信犹太教，成功取得以色列国籍与公民权。 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Jew The Kaifeng Jews intermarried with local Chinese, and are thus indistinguishable in appearance from their non-Jewish neighbors.[5] Within the framework of contemporary rabbinical Judaism, only matrilineal transmission of Jewishness is recognized, while Chinese Jews based their Jewishness on patrilineal descent. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews The Kaifeng Jews are members of a small Jewish community that has existed in Kaifeng, in the Henan province of China, for hundreds of years. Although Jews in modern China have traditionally called themselves Youtai (犹太, from Judah) in Mandarin Chinese — also the predominant contemporary Chinese language term for Jews in general — the community was known by their Han Chinese neighbors as adherents of Tiaojinjiao (挑筋教), meaning, loosely, the religion which removes the sinew (a reference to kashrut). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews#Kaifeng_Jews_today As a result, they are required to undergo conversion in order to receive Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Most descendants of Kaifeng's Jewish community are only vaguely aware of their ancestry[6]. Some, however, say their parents and grandparents told them that they were Jewish and would one day "return to their land." [2] The one trait that differentiated them from their neighbors was not eating pork.[2] While the official attitude toward the descendants of Kaifeng's Jewish community is comfortable, their treatment by their fellow-citizens is not always so. Kaifeng is home to a dynamic Muslim community, which is very cohesive, having survived 50 years of isolation and officially sanctioned hostility (largely, presumably, because of the relationship between the Hui, Uyghur, and Kazakh ethnicities and the Chinese government). In that period, the descendants of Kaifeng's Jewish community were protected and helped by Muslims, to the point that they became largely indistinguishable from the Muslim community. That changed with the opening up of China, when Kaifeng's Muslims reestablished links with Muslims elsewhere. The community received assistance from Muslim nations, and adopted much of the prevailing anti-Israeli, anti-Jewish attitude. The Kaifeng mosque propagates "Conquered Jerusalem" anti-Israeli propaganda, and the local Muslim population has developed an increasingly hostile attitude toward Jews. Since few outside Jews ever visit Kaifeng, this hostility is channeled toward the descendants of the Kaifeng Jewish community. There are rumors of pogroms, information about which is reportedly censored by the Chinese government. Because of this situation, many descendants of the Kaifeng Jewish community prefer to pass as ethnic Han.[citation needed] 　Recently, however, a family of Kaifeng Jewish descendants have formally converted to Judaism and have become Israeli citizens. Whether or not more Kaifeng Jewish descendants will follow in this family's path remains a matter of speculation.[1] 由以上案例得知，有可靠资料证明祖先是犹太人，且归信犹太教 (不认耶稣是神，也不认耶稣是救世主) 就必然可以立刻取得以色列国籍（成年人立刻获得以色列公民权）。 此议题的争议点是在於怎麽由什麽机构来判定申请者已经改信犹太教， 而不是此改信者的肤色。 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_return#Applicability One central issue is who has the authority over determining the validity of conversions to Judaism for purposes of immigration and citizenship. For historical reasons, the Chief Rabbinate of Israel, under the Israeli Ministry of Religious Affairs, made this determination, but this arrangement is in question. This practice has met opposition among non-Orthodox religious leaders both within Israel and in the diaspora. Several attempts have been made to resolve the issue, the most recent being the Ne'eman Commission, but an impasse persists. On March 31, 2005, the Israeli Supreme Court ruled 7-4 that all conversions performed outside of Israel would be recognized by the authorities under the Law of Return, notwithstanding the Ne'eman Commission's view that a single body should determine eligibility for immigration. Orthodox religious leaders objected vehemently to this ruling, arguing that it would lead to fraudulent immigration applications. 成为以色列公民的其他不同方法： 1.长期居住在以色列 2.服完以色列的兵役 3.与以色列公民结婚 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_return#Arguments_in_support_of_ the_Law_of_Return For example, non-Jews can become citizens by naturalization, residence, or marrying an Israeli citizen. Naturalization, for instance, is available under certain circumstances for the non-Jewish parents of a citizen who has completed his or her army service[14]. It is pointed out that the Law of Return was intended to deal with historic homelessness and persecution of Jews around the world.[15] [16] -- 上月球!月球是中国人吴刚不可分割的一部分 抓嫦娥!此女意图分裂中国领土脱离中国掌握 杀玉兔!玉兔为资产阶级之玩物!日帝之玩偶! --

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