※ 引述《ivanos (common sense)》之铭言： : Um zu erkennen, ob das Bild wahr oder falsch ist, mussen wir es mit der : Wirklichkeit vergleichen. : In order to tell whether a picture is true or false we must compare it with : reality. : 然而， : Wir machen uns Bilder der Tatsachen. : We picture facts to ourselves. : 再者， : Das Bestehen und Nichtbestehen von Sachverhalten ist die Wirklichkeit. : The existence and non-existence of states of affairs is reality. : 最後， : Das Bestehen von Sachverhalten nennen wir auch eine positive, das : Nichtbestehen eine negative Tatsache. : We call the existence of states of affairs a positive fact, and their : non-existence a negative fact. : 所以，亲爱的维根斯坦， : 我们到底要怎麽去 "compare a picture with reality"? 只是试试看， When a picture of a positive fact corresponds to a non-existing state of affair or a picture of a negative fact corresponds to an existing state of affair, it's false. reality of states of affairs │ ┌───┴───┐ existing non-existing ←─────────────┐ ┌────┼───────┼────┐ we can lie here │ │ ↓ ↓ │ │ │ ┌─────────┐ │ │ we│ │ "we call" │ │ │ can│ └┬───────┬┘ │ 　　　　　　　 │ make│ ↓ ↓ │ ↓ mista-│ positive facts negative facts├←─<abstraction>←→<comparison> kes│ ↓ ↓ │ ↑ here│ ┌─────────┐ │ │ │ │ picturing │ │ │ │ └────┬────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────────┼─( black box)─┘ │ ↓　　　　　　　　　　　we can lie here　　　 │ pictures ←───────────────────┘ If reality and a picture can both be objects to mind, there's comparison in between. Statement starts with "There exists ......" reffers to reality, statement starts with "In fact that ......" reffers to picture. If the two statements don't match through comparison, the statement of existence is false or the statement of fact is false or the picture is false. A statement of existence or of fact can be false only when it's a lie. If we lie we know we pose a comparison. --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 118.160.28.166 ※ 编辑: playskin 来自: 118.160.28.166 (08/18 11:19)