接洽中，請勿再來信，謝謝 ────────────────────────────────────── [必]工 作 量： 約四頁 (12字體單行高) [必]工作報酬： 一頁約520字，抓整數整份完成1000元 [必]涉及語言： 英 [必]所屬領域： 化學化工工程 [必]文件類型： 提案 [必]截 稿 日： 2021 03 06 (4號才能給稿) [必]應徵期限： 徵到為止 [必]聯絡方式： 請任選a或b段落潤稿改寫後直接站內信聯繫 [必]付費方式： 承接工作後提供勞務報酬單，完稿後一周內由公司支付 ────────────────────────────────────── [選]工作要求： 潤稿與改寫，使其不影響原意下與文字不與原文相同即可 [選]參考段落： [選]試 譯 文： 請任選a或b段落潤稿改寫後直接站內信聯繫 a. Glycerol with high purity has a wide application in various industry such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food products. However, the percentage of purity of the glycerol from the biodiesel industry is limiting its conversion to a high valued product. The crude glycerol contains a large number of contaminants such as soap, salts, ethanol, methanol, water, fatty acid, methyl esters, glycerides, and ash. Yang et al. (2012) stated that the impurities in the crude glycerol could greatly influence its conversion into other value-added products. Venkataramanan et al. (2012) also reported that soaps in the crude glycerol have a strong inhibitory effect on the utilization of the glycerol by bacteria, which affects the performance of crude glycerol as the carbon source in the fermentation process. b. the most commonly used processes are distillation, ion exchange resin, membrane separation technology, acidification, followed by neutralization and solvent extraction. Acidification is a commonly used technique to neutralize the impurities like catalyst into inorganic salt. Besides acidification, it is also able to reduce the amount of soaps by converting them into insoluble free fatty acid as they can adversely impact the separation and cause loss of yield. Since acidification process does not remove all impurities, it needs a further purification step to remove other impurities like methanol, oil, water, and ester. However, the distillation process has some limitation over others as it requires high energy input for vaporization and causes thermal decompositions. Besides, high vacuum is also required in distillation to prevent high-temperature denaturation of glycerol through acrolein formation. ────────────────────────────────────── --

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