Policymaking in the United States 美國的政策制定 The United States has a non-centralize system.It has a national (or general )government-which functions in many areas for many purposes-but not a central government controlling all the lines of political communication and decision making. 自譯:美國實行非中央集權的體制，它有國家政府系統，它的功能因多種目的存在於 很多地區。但可不是一個極權政府掌控所有政治溝通的路線以及決策上的制定。 The 50 states are not creatures of the federal government;like it, they derive their authority directly from the people.Structurally,they are substantially immune from federal interference.Functionally,they share many activities with the federal government,without forfeiting their policy-making roles and decision-making powers. 自譯:美國的50個州並不是聯邦政府的產物，換言之，它們當局的權力來源直接來自 於人民。就結構面來說，它們大體上免於聯邦的干涉。就功能面來看，它們沒 有喪失它們制定政策的角色及擁有決策制定的力量，並且和聯邦政府共享許多 活動。 Decentralization implies hierarchy--a pyramid of governments with gradations of power.Non-centralization describes a matrix of governments with powers so distributed that the rank order of the several governments is not fixed. For example,the national government is primary in the field of foreign affairs ,but the states are primary in the field of eduacation. 自譯:地方分權意指階級體系--一個逐漸掌握權力政府的金字塔。非中央集權描述到 一個力量太過分散的政府會導致許多政府的秩序不穩定。舉例來說，國家政府 主要負責的是外交事務的領域，而州則是負責教育的領域。 -- We either make ourself miserable, or we make ourselfves strong, the amount of work is the same.... --

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