※ [本文轉錄自 Stock 看板 #1epVFB9F ] 作者: TyuzuChou (潤潤潤) 看板: Stock 標題: [新聞] 川普：申請 H-1B 每年增10萬鎂費用 時間: Sat Sep 20 08:22:31 2025 原文標題： Trump signs proclamation adding $100K annual fee for H-1B visa applications 原文連結：https://tinyurl.com/3z6jkfsd 發布時間：Updated 7:51 AM GMT+8, September 20, 2025 記者署名：By BARBARA ORTUTAY and SEUNG MIN KIM 原文內容： WASHINGTON (AP) — Looking to reshape the U.S. visa system for highly skilled foreign workers and investors, President Donald Trump on Friday signed a proclamation that will require a new annual $100,000 fee for H-1B visa applications and rolled out a $1 million “gold card” visa as a potential pathway to U.S. citizenship. 華盛頓（美聯社）— 為了重塑美國針對高技能外籍勞工與投資者的簽證制度，總統唐納 德·川普週五簽署公告，要求 H-1B 簽證申請須支付 每年 10 萬美元的新費用，並推出 100 萬美元「黃金卡」簽證，作為通往美國公民身分的潛在途徑。 The moves face near-certain legal challenges and widespread criticism that Trump is going beyond presidential authority by sidestepping Congress. The actions, if they survive legal muster, will deliver staggering price increases for high-skilled and investor visas created by Congress in 1990. 此舉幾乎確定會遭遇法律挑戰，且廣受批評，認為川普繞過國會、超越總統權限。若此政 策通過司法檢驗，將對 1990 年由國會設立的高技能及投資人簽證帶來 驚人的費用增長 。 Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said the H-1B visa fee will be $100,000 per year and added that “all big companies” are on board. 商務部長霍華德·魯特尼克表示，H-1B 簽證費用將是 每年 10 萬美元，並補充說「所有 大公司」都支持此舉。 H-1B visas are meant to bring the best and brightest foreigners for high- skilled jobs that tech companies find difficult to fill with qualified U.S. citizens and permanent residents. The program instead has turned into a pipeline for overseas workers who are often willing to work for as little as $ 60,000 annually. That is far less than $100,000-plus salaries typically paid to U.S. technology workers. H-1B 簽證原本是為了引進最優秀的外國人才，填補科技公司難以用合格美國公民或綠卡 持有者勝任的高技能工作。但該計畫卻演變成一條渠道，引進許多願意接受 年薪僅 6 萬 美元 的海外員工，遠低於美國科技產業通常支付的 10 萬美元以上薪資。 Trump on Friday insisted that the tech industry would not oppose the move. “I think they’re going to be very happy,” he said. 川普週五堅稱科技產業不會反對此舉。他說：「我認為他們會非常高興。」 Representatives for the biggest tech companies, including Amazon, Apple, Google and Meta, did not immediately respond to messages for comment on Friday . Microsoft declined to comment. 包括亞馬遜、蘋果、谷歌和 Meta 在內的科技巨頭代表，週五未立即回應置評請求。微軟 則拒絕評論。 “So no longer will you put trainees on an H-1B visa,” Lutnick said on a call with reporters. “That it’s just not economic anymore. If you’re going to train people, you’re going to train Americans. ... If you have a very sophisticated engineer and you want to bring them in ... then you can pay $100 ,000 a year for your H-1B visa.” 魯特尼克在與記者的電話會議中表示：「因此，H-1B 不再能用於培訓生，這已經不經濟 了。如果要培訓，你就培訓美國人。……如果你要引進一位非常專業的工程師，那你就付 每年 10 萬美元的 H-1B 費用。」 Trump also announced he will start selling a “gold card” visa with a potential pathway to U.S. citizenship. The “Trump Gold Card” will be available for a processing fee and a $1 million contribution after vetting. For companies, it will cost $2 million. The “Trump Platinum Card,” meanwhile , will be available for a $5 million contribution and will allow foreigners to spend up to 270 days in the U.S. without being subject to U.S. taxes on non-U .S. income. Trump announced a $5 million gold card in February to replace an existing investor visa — this is now the platinum card. Applicants can sign up now for a waitlist for the platinum card, but it still needs to be approved by Congress. 川普同時宣布將推出「黃金卡」簽證，作為通往美國公民身分的潛在途徑。經審核後，個 人可透過支付 100 萬美元捐款 和手續費取得「川普黃金卡」，公司則需支付 200 萬美 元。另外，「川普白金卡」需 500 萬美元，可讓外國人在美國停留長達 270 天 而無需 對境外收入繳稅。川普今年 2 月曾宣布推出 500 萬美元的黃金卡 以取代現行投資移民 簽證，該卡如今升格為白金卡。申請人現在可先登記白金卡候補名單，但仍需獲得國會批 准。 First lady Melania Trump, the former Melania Knauss, was granted an H-1B work visa in October 1996 to work as a model. She was born in Slovenia. 第一夫人梅蘭妮亞·川普（原名梅蘭妮亞·克瑙斯）於 1996 年 10 月獲得 H-1B 工作簽 證來美當模特兒。她出生於斯洛維尼亞。 The H-1B program was created in 1990 for people with a bachelor’s degree or higher in fields where jobs are deemed hard to fill, especially science, technology, engineering and math. Critics say they allow companies to pay lower wages with fewer labor protections. H-1B 計畫於 1990 年設立，目的是吸引擁有學士或以上學歷，能填補難以招聘職位的人 才，尤其是科學、技術、工程和數學（STEM）。批評者認為，這讓企業得以用 較低工資 、較少保障 僱用外籍員工。 Historically, these visas — 85,000 per year — have been doled out through a lottery system. This year, Amazon was by far the top recipient of H-1B visas with more than 10,000 awarded, followed by Tata Consultancy, Microsoft, Apple and Google. Geographically, California has the highest number of H-1B workers, according to UCIS. 歷史上，H-1B 每年發放 85,000 個名額，採抽籤制度。今年亞馬遜以 超過 1 萬份 的 H -1B 成為最大受益者，其次是塔塔顧問公司、微軟、蘋果和谷歌。根據美國移民局，地理 上 加州 擁有最多 H-1B 員工。 Critics say H-1B spots often go to entry-level jobs, rather than senior positions with unique skill requirements. And while the program isn’t supposed to undercut U.S. wages or displace U.S. workers, critics say companies can pay less by classifying jobs at the lowest skill levels, even if the specific workers hired have more experience. 批評者指出，H-1B 配額往往流向初階職位，而非真正需要特殊技能的高階職位。雖然該 計畫不應削弱美國工資或取代美國工人，但批評者認為，企業透過將工作分類為最低技能 層級，即使聘用者有更多經驗，仍能支付較低薪資。 As a result, many U.S. companies find it cheaper simply to contract out help desks, programming and other basic tasks to consulting companies such as Wipro , Infosys, HCL Technologies and Tata in India and IBM and Cognizant in the U.S . These consulting companies hire foreign workers, often from India, and contract them out to U.S. employers looking to save money. 因此，許多美國公司發現，將客服、程式設計等基礎任務外包給 印度的 Wipro、Infosys 、HCL、Tata 或美國的 IBM、Cognizant 等顧問公司更加便宜。這些顧問公司僱用大量外 籍勞工（多數來自印度），再將他們派遣給希望省錢的美國企業。 Doug Rand, who served as the director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services during the Biden administration, said this amounts to a “split personality disorder” for the program, with only about half of the visas each year going to traditional companies that offer long-term employment and can put immigrants on a track to citizenship. The other half go to staffing or consulting firms — and while many are established and well-known companies, others are just one-person operations that wouldn’t exist without the H-1B program. 拜登政府時期的移民局主管道格·蘭德表示，這等於讓該計畫出現「人格分裂」：每年大 約只有 一半 的簽證流向提供長期工作、能幫助移民邁向公民身分的傳統公司；另一半則 流向人力派遣或顧問公司 —— 雖然其中一些是知名企業，但另一些只是「一人公司」， 完全依賴 H-1B 存在。 “They’re basically entering the lottery so they can hire people that they then rent out to other larger companies doing actual work,” Rand said. “And so there’s a lot of misbehavior and chicanery in this part of the system.” 蘭德說：「他們基本上是參加抽籤，然後雇用人，再把這些人『租』給其他真正做事的大 公司。所以這部分制度存在很多不當行為與欺瞞。」 In 2024, lottery bids for the visas plunged nearly 40%, which authorities said was due to success against people who were “gaming the system” by submitting multiple, sometimes dubious, applications to unfairly increase chances of being selected. 2024 年，H-1B 抽籤申請數下降近 40%，官方表示，這是因為成功打擊了透過提交多份、 甚至可疑申請來「操弄制度」的不法行為。 Major technology companies that use H-1B visas sought changes after massive increases in bids left their employees and prospective hires with slimmer chances of winning the random lottery. Facing what it acknowledged was likely fraud and abuse, USCIS this year said each employee had only one shot at the lottery, whether the person had one job offer or 50. 由於申請人數暴增，導致自家員工與準員工中籤機率驟降，大型科技公司要求修改制度。 面對明顯的詐欺與濫用，美國移民局今年規定：每位申請人不論有幾份工作機會，只能參 加一次抽籤。 Critics welcomed the change but said more needs to be done. The AFL-CIO wrote last year that while changes to the lottery “included some steps in the right direction,” it fell short of needed reforms. The labor group wants visas awarded to companies that pay the highest wages instead of by random lottery, a change that Trump sought during his first term in the White House. 批評者對此改革表示歡迎，但認為還需更多行動。美國勞工總會（AFL-CIO）去年寫道， 雖然抽籤改革「朝正確方向邁出了一步」，但仍不足。他們主張應將簽證配額授予支付最 高薪資的公司，而非隨機抽籤 —— 這也是川普在第一任期時曾推動的改革方向。 心得/評論： 科技巨頭的可能行動 縮減 H-1B 申請總數，但提升人均價值：只為博士、AI/半導體專才申請，不浪費在 entry-level。 配合黃金卡/白金卡制度：對頂尖人才或高層，直接幫忙走投資移民渠道，繞開抽籤。 遊說、觀望：雖然不公開批評，但會低調觀察法律挑戰，私下仍會推動更彈性的政策 （例如薪資優先制，而非抽籤）。 強化海外據點：若真的成本過高，會把初階研發與客服放到印度、加拿大、新加坡， 將 H-1B 名額留給關鍵人材。 --

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