※ [本文转录自 Stock 看板 #1epVFB9F ] 作者: TyuzuChou (润润润) 看板: Stock 标题: [新闻] 川普：申请 H-1B 每年增10万镁费用 时间: Sat Sep 20 08:22:31 2025 原文标题： Trump signs proclamation adding $100K annual fee for H-1B visa applications 原文连结：https://tinyurl.com/3z6jkfsd 发布时间：Updated 7:51 AM GMT+8, September 20, 2025 记者署名：By BARBARA ORTUTAY and SEUNG MIN KIM 原文内容： WASHINGTON (AP) — Looking to reshape the U.S. visa system for highly skilled foreign workers and investors, President Donald Trump on Friday signed a proclamation that will require a new annual $100,000 fee for H-1B visa applications and rolled out a $1 million “gold card” visa as a potential pathway to U.S. citizenship. 华盛顿（美联社）— 为了重塑美国针对高技能外籍劳工与投资者的签证制度，总统唐纳 德·川普周五签署公告，要求 H-1B 签证申请须支付 每年 10 万美元的新费用，并推出 100 万美元「黄金卡」签证，作为通往美国公民身分的潜在途径。 The moves face near-certain legal challenges and widespread criticism that Trump is going beyond presidential authority by sidestepping Congress. The actions, if they survive legal muster, will deliver staggering price increases for high-skilled and investor visas created by Congress in 1990. 此举几乎确定会遭遇法律挑战，且广受批评，认为川普绕过国会、超越总统权限。若此政 策通过司法检验，将对 1990 年由国会设立的高技能及投资人签证带来 惊人的费用增长 。 Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said the H-1B visa fee will be $100,000 per year and added that “all big companies” are on board. 商务部长霍华德·鲁特尼克表示，H-1B 签证费用将是 每年 10 万美元，并补充说「所有 大公司」都支持此举。 H-1B visas are meant to bring the best and brightest foreigners for high- skilled jobs that tech companies find difficult to fill with qualified U.S. citizens and permanent residents. The program instead has turned into a pipeline for overseas workers who are often willing to work for as little as $ 60,000 annually. That is far less than $100,000-plus salaries typically paid to U.S. technology workers. H-1B 签证原本是为了引进最优秀的外国人才，填补科技公司难以用合格美国公民或绿卡 持有者胜任的高技能工作。但该计画却演变成一条渠道，引进许多愿意接受 年薪仅 6 万 美元 的海外员工，远低於美国科技产业通常支付的 10 万美元以上薪资。 Trump on Friday insisted that the tech industry would not oppose the move. “I think they’re going to be very happy,” he said. 川普周五坚称科技产业不会反对此举。他说：「我认为他们会非常高兴。」 Representatives for the biggest tech companies, including Amazon, Apple, Google and Meta, did not immediately respond to messages for comment on Friday . Microsoft declined to comment. 包括亚马逊、苹果、谷歌和 Meta 在内的科技巨头代表，周五未立即回应置评请求。微软 则拒绝评论。 “So no longer will you put trainees on an H-1B visa,” Lutnick said on a call with reporters. “That it’s just not economic anymore. If you’re going to train people, you’re going to train Americans. ... If you have a very sophisticated engineer and you want to bring them in ... then you can pay $100 ,000 a year for your H-1B visa.” 鲁特尼克在与记者的电话会议中表示：「因此，H-1B 不再能用於培训生，这已经不经济 了。如果要培训，你就培训美国人。……如果你要引进一位非常专业的工程师，那你就付 每年 10 万美元的 H-1B 费用。」 Trump also announced he will start selling a “gold card” visa with a potential pathway to U.S. citizenship. The “Trump Gold Card” will be available for a processing fee and a $1 million contribution after vetting. For companies, it will cost $2 million. The “Trump Platinum Card,” meanwhile , will be available for a $5 million contribution and will allow foreigners to spend up to 270 days in the U.S. without being subject to U.S. taxes on non-U .S. income. Trump announced a $5 million gold card in February to replace an existing investor visa — this is now the platinum card. Applicants can sign up now for a waitlist for the platinum card, but it still needs to be approved by Congress. 川普同时宣布将推出「黄金卡」签证，作为通往美国公民身分的潜在途径。经审核後，个 人可透过支付 100 万美元捐款 和手续费取得「川普黄金卡」，公司则需支付 200 万美 元。另外，「川普白金卡」需 500 万美元，可让外国人在美国停留长达 270 天 而无需 对境外收入缴税。川普今年 2 月曾宣布推出 500 万美元的黄金卡 以取代现行投资移民 签证，该卡如今升格为白金卡。申请人现在可先登记白金卡候补名单，但仍需获得国会批 准。 First lady Melania Trump, the former Melania Knauss, was granted an H-1B work visa in October 1996 to work as a model. She was born in Slovenia. 第一夫人梅兰妮亚·川普（原名梅兰妮亚·克瑙斯）於 1996 年 10 月获得 H-1B 工作签 证来美当模特儿。她出生於斯洛维尼亚。 The H-1B program was created in 1990 for people with a bachelor’s degree or higher in fields where jobs are deemed hard to fill, especially science, technology, engineering and math. Critics say they allow companies to pay lower wages with fewer labor protections. H-1B 计画於 1990 年设立，目的是吸引拥有学士或以上学历，能填补难以招聘职位的人 才，尤其是科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）。批评者认为，这让企业得以用 较低工资 、较少保障 雇用外籍员工。 Historically, these visas — 85,000 per year — have been doled out through a lottery system. This year, Amazon was by far the top recipient of H-1B visas with more than 10,000 awarded, followed by Tata Consultancy, Microsoft, Apple and Google. Geographically, California has the highest number of H-1B workers, according to UCIS. 历史上，H-1B 每年发放 85,000 个名额，采抽签制度。今年亚马逊以 超过 1 万份 的 H -1B 成为最大受益者，其次是塔塔顾问公司、微软、苹果和谷歌。根据美国移民局，地理 上 加州 拥有最多 H-1B 员工。 Critics say H-1B spots often go to entry-level jobs, rather than senior positions with unique skill requirements. And while the program isn’t supposed to undercut U.S. wages or displace U.S. workers, critics say companies can pay less by classifying jobs at the lowest skill levels, even if the specific workers hired have more experience. 批评者指出，H-1B 配额往往流向初阶职位，而非真正需要特殊技能的高阶职位。虽然该 计画不应削弱美国工资或取代美国工人，但批评者认为，企业透过将工作分类为最低技能 层级，即使聘用者有更多经验，仍能支付较低薪资。 As a result, many U.S. companies find it cheaper simply to contract out help desks, programming and other basic tasks to consulting companies such as Wipro , Infosys, HCL Technologies and Tata in India and IBM and Cognizant in the U.S . These consulting companies hire foreign workers, often from India, and contract them out to U.S. employers looking to save money. 因此，许多美国公司发现，将客服、程式设计等基础任务外包给 印度的 Wipro、Infosys 、HCL、Tata 或美国的 IBM、Cognizant 等顾问公司更加便宜。这些顾问公司雇用大量外 籍劳工（多数来自印度），再将他们派遣给希望省钱的美国企业。 Doug Rand, who served as the director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services during the Biden administration, said this amounts to a “split personality disorder” for the program, with only about half of the visas each year going to traditional companies that offer long-term employment and can put immigrants on a track to citizenship. The other half go to staffing or consulting firms — and while many are established and well-known companies, others are just one-person operations that wouldn’t exist without the H-1B program. 拜登政府时期的移民局主管道格·兰德表示，这等於让该计画出现「人格分裂」：每年大 约只有 一半 的签证流向提供长期工作、能帮助移民迈向公民身分的传统公司；另一半则 流向人力派遣或顾问公司 —— 虽然其中一些是知名企业，但另一些只是「一人公司」， 完全依赖 H-1B 存在。 “They’re basically entering the lottery so they can hire people that they then rent out to other larger companies doing actual work,” Rand said. “And so there’s a lot of misbehavior and chicanery in this part of the system.” 兰德说：「他们基本上是参加抽签，然後雇用人，再把这些人『租』给其他真正做事的大 公司。所以这部分制度存在很多不当行为与欺瞒。」 In 2024, lottery bids for the visas plunged nearly 40%, which authorities said was due to success against people who were “gaming the system” by submitting multiple, sometimes dubious, applications to unfairly increase chances of being selected. 2024 年，H-1B 抽签申请数下降近 40%，官方表示，这是因为成功打击了透过提交多份、 甚至可疑申请来「操弄制度」的不法行为。 Major technology companies that use H-1B visas sought changes after massive increases in bids left their employees and prospective hires with slimmer chances of winning the random lottery. Facing what it acknowledged was likely fraud and abuse, USCIS this year said each employee had only one shot at the lottery, whether the person had one job offer or 50. 由於申请人数暴增，导致自家员工与准员工中签机率骤降，大型科技公司要求修改制度。 面对明显的诈欺与滥用，美国移民局今年规定：每位申请人不论有几份工作机会，只能参 加一次抽签。 Critics welcomed the change but said more needs to be done. The AFL-CIO wrote last year that while changes to the lottery “included some steps in the right direction,” it fell short of needed reforms. The labor group wants visas awarded to companies that pay the highest wages instead of by random lottery, a change that Trump sought during his first term in the White House. 批评者对此改革表示欢迎，但认为还需更多行动。美国劳工总会（AFL-CIO）去年写道， 虽然抽签改革「朝正确方向迈出了一步」，但仍不足。他们主张应将签证配额授予支付最 高薪资的公司，而非随机抽签 —— 这也是川普在第一任期时曾推动的改革方向。 心得/评论： 科技巨头的可能行动 缩减 H-1B 申请总数，但提升人均价值：只为博士、AI/半导体专才申请，不浪费在 entry-level。 配合黄金卡/白金卡制度：对顶尖人才或高层，直接帮忙走投资移民渠道，绕开抽签。 游说、观望：虽然不公开批评，但会低调观察法律挑战，私下仍会推动更弹性的政策 （例如薪资优先制，而非抽签）。 强化海外据点：若真的成本过高，会把初阶研发与客服放到印度、加拿大、新加坡， 将 H-1B 名额留给关键人材。 --

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