新聞出處：USA TODAY 日期：2020/03/06 撰稿者：Jessica Guynn 網址：https://is.gd/d03pfy 隨著疫情逐漸升高，美國的醫療物資短缺，網路上的價格也隨之飆漲、亂象叢生， 這已經違反了近36個州的「反價格哄抬法」(anti-gouging laws)。 所以eBay宣佈，將禁止美國賣家販售醫療級N95、N100口罩、洗手液、消毒紙巾。 (圖) Coronavirus price gouging: eBay bans face masks, hand sanitizer and disinfecting wipes https://i.imgur.com/PSTM0Jd.jpg Online marketplace eBay is banning sales from U.S. listings for hand sanitizer, disinfecting wipes and surgical masks to stop a surge in price gouging hitting consumers desperate to protect themselves and their families from the coronavirus. ...... ...... Sellers were told by eBay that they could no longer post new listings for N95 and N100 masks, disinfecting wipes and hand sanitizers. 加州州長在宣佈緊急狀態的同時，也禁止哄抬炒作基本民生以及醫療物資的價格， 賣家不能不合理的漲價10%以上。 華盛頓州檢察長也呼籲民眾踴躍檢舉違法哄抬價格的案件。 This week, California Gov. Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency during which “excessive and unjustified increases” of more than 10% on basic goods and services including medical supplies is prohibited. Washington State Attorney General Bob Ferguson, whose state has been hit the hardest by the coronavirus outbreak, said his office is investigating incidents and asked for residents to file complaints if they spot gouging. ◇經濟學家：價格飆漲是正常能量釋放 經濟學家說需求暴增造成的價格飆漲，這很正常，還有助於補充供給量。 德州科大的Michael Giberson教授說高漲的價格會鼓勵廠商拿出庫存販售 或者是提高生產量。 價格高漲可以降低一般消費者的購買意願，這樣就可以把重要的醫療物資留給第一線的 醫護人員，或是高風險人員等等那些最需要的人身上。 但是康乃爾大學的資深講師Dana Radcliffe卻認為，正常的經濟定律並不適用於緊急狀況 ，也就是當這些基本必需品的需求量已經遠超過供給量的時候， 這時就沒有所謂的「自由、公平」的交易市場了，因為消費者別無選擇。 這並不符合教科書上的「經濟交易」——有意願的賣家和買家。 而是賣家掌握所有一切交易的權力，而亟需這些東西的買家卻很弱勢。 ==心得== 隨著全球疫情日益升高，在這段非常時期，會出現很多特殊的經濟現象... 目前美國Amazon還是繼續開放販售口罩、洗手液、消毒手巾等醫療物資 Economists say a sharp increase in prices either by retailers or wholesalers is the natural response to such a sudden surge in demand and can help replenish supplies. “These higher prices reward suppliers ready to meet that surge in demand either from existing stocks or by quickly ramping up production,” said Michael Giberson, an economics professor with Texas Tech University’s Rawls College of Business.. His take? Higher prices discourage consumers from hoarding masks that are vital for first responders and health care professionals or people at high risk of contracting coronavirus, keeping the available supplies in the hands of those who need them most. But Dana Radcliffe, senior lecturer in business ethics at Cornell University Johnson College and an adjunct professor of ethics and public policy at Syracuse University, says normal rules should be suspended during emergencies when demand outstrips supply of basic necessities. A “free and fair” market does not exist because buyers don’t have any other options, he told USA TODAY this week. “It’s not a textbook economic transaction with a willing seller and a willing buyer," he said. "One party has all the power because the other person is in a vulnerable situation of sometimes desperate need.” --

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