新闻出处：USA TODAY 日期：2020/03/06 撰稿者：Jessica Guynn 网址：https://is.gd/d03pfy 随着疫情逐渐升高，美国的医疗物资短缺，网路上的价格也随之飙涨、乱象丛生， 这已经违反了近36个州的「反价格哄抬法」(anti-gouging laws)。 所以eBay宣布，将禁止美国卖家贩售医疗级N95、N100口罩、洗手液、消毒纸巾。 (图) Coronavirus price gouging: eBay bans face masks, hand sanitizer and disinfecting wipes https://i.imgur.com/PSTM0Jd.jpg Online marketplace eBay is banning sales from U.S. listings for hand sanitizer, disinfecting wipes and surgical masks to stop a surge in price gouging hitting consumers desperate to protect themselves and their families from the coronavirus. ...... ...... Sellers were told by eBay that they could no longer post new listings for N95 and N100 masks, disinfecting wipes and hand sanitizers. 加州州长在宣布紧急状态的同时，也禁止哄抬炒作基本民生以及医疗物资的价格， 卖家不能不合理的涨价10%以上。 华盛顿州检察长也呼吁民众踊跃检举违法哄抬价格的案件。 This week, California Gov. Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency during which “excessive and unjustified increases” of more than 10% on basic goods and services including medical supplies is prohibited. Washington State Attorney General Bob Ferguson, whose state has been hit the hardest by the coronavirus outbreak, said his office is investigating incidents and asked for residents to file complaints if they spot gouging. ◇经济学家：价格飙涨是正常能量释放 经济学家说需求暴增造成的价格飙涨，这很正常，还有助於补充供给量。 德州科大的Michael Giberson教授说高涨的价格会鼓励厂商拿出库存贩售 或者是提高生产量。 价格高涨可以降低一般消费者的购买意愿，这样就可以把重要的医疗物资留给第一线的 医护人员，或是高风险人员等等那些最需要的人身上。 但是康乃尔大学的资深讲师Dana Radcliffe却认为，正常的经济定律并不适用於紧急状况 ，也就是当这些基本必需品的需求量已经远超过供给量的时候， 这时就没有所谓的「自由、公平」的交易市场了，因为消费者别无选择。 这并不符合教科书上的「经济交易」——有意愿的卖家和买家。 而是卖家掌握所有一切交易的权力，而亟需这些东西的买家却很弱势。 ==心得== 随着全球疫情日益升高，在这段非常时期，会出现很多特殊的经济现象... 目前美国Amazon还是继续开放贩售口罩、洗手液、消毒手巾等医疗物资 Economists say a sharp increase in prices either by retailers or wholesalers is the natural response to such a sudden surge in demand and can help replenish supplies. “These higher prices reward suppliers ready to meet that surge in demand either from existing stocks or by quickly ramping up production,” said Michael Giberson, an economics professor with Texas Tech University’s Rawls College of Business.. His take? Higher prices discourage consumers from hoarding masks that are vital for first responders and health care professionals or people at high risk of contracting coronavirus, keeping the available supplies in the hands of those who need them most. But Dana Radcliffe, senior lecturer in business ethics at Cornell University Johnson College and an adjunct professor of ethics and public policy at Syracuse University, says normal rules should be suspended during emergencies when demand outstrips supply of basic necessities. A “free and fair” market does not exist because buyers don’t have any other options, he told USA TODAY this week. “It’s not a textbook economic transaction with a willing seller and a willing buyer," he said. "One party has all the power because the other person is in a vulnerable situation of sometimes desperate need.” --

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