在檔案裏面常常看到英國人提到這個地方，好像是個蠻受重視的列強競爭之地。 可是去對照今天的地圖又不知道確切的地名是什麼？ 下面原文是1911年的大英百科： 線索是在遼東半島，在遼東灣的出海口。 說在天津條約時開放，可是我去查條約裡面好像也沒看到這個口岸 第十一款 廣州、福州、廈門、寧波、上海五處，已有江寧條約舊准通商外，即在牛庄、 登州、台灣、潮州、瓊州等府城口，嗣後皆準英商辦可任意與無論何人買賣，船貨隨時往 來。 有人看過這個名稱嗎？謝謝 NIU-CHWANG, a city of China, in the Manchurian province of Sheng-king (Liao-tung), in 40° 53' N. and 122° 7' E., about 35 m. (go m. by water) from the coast of the Gulf of Liao-tung, on what is now a small branch of the main eastern affluent of the Liao-ho. The population is estimated at 80,000. The city proper is a comparatively unimportant place with broken-down walls, but it is surrounded by a number of large and flourishing suburbs. About the beginning of the Ta-ts'ing dynasty (1644) Niu-chwang was the chief port on the river, but in the reign of K`ien-lung, owing mainly to physical changes, it was supplanted by Tien-chwang-tai farther down the stream, and towards the close of the 18th century this had in turn to give place to Ying-tsze still nearer the mouth. In ignorance of these facts Niu-chwang (now scarcely to be reached by a flat-bottomed river boat) was chosen as one of the ports to be opened to foreign trade by the treaty of Tien-tsin; and, though Ying-tsze had of necessity to be adopted as the site of the foreign settlements, Europeans still continue to speak of it as the port of Niu-chwang. --

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