※ [本文轉錄自 Cognitive 看板] 作者: mulkcs (mulkcs) 標題: [轉錄]紐約時報:你的皮膚也在聆聽 時間: Wed Dec 2 23:14:55 2009 ※ [本文轉錄自 mulkcs 信箱] 作者: [email protected] ([email protected]) 標題: 紐約時報:你的皮膚也在聆聽 時間: Wed Dec 2 23:14:37 2009 作者: davidchaos (別鬧了大衛先生) 看板: AAAAAAAA 標題: 紐約時報:你的皮膚也在聆聽 時間: Wed Dec 2 18:34:16 2009 ※ [本文轉錄自 freeman 看板] http://0rz.tw/hRbVr December 1, 2009 OBSERVATORY People Hear With Skin as Well as Their Ears 你的皮膚也在聆聽 By HENRY FOUNTAIN We hear with our ears, right? Yes, but scientists have known for years that we also hear with our eyes. In a landmark study published in 1976, researchers found that people integrated both auditory cues and visual ones, like mouth and face movements, when they heard speech. 我們是用耳朵來聆聽的吧？沒錯，但科學家在好幾年前就知道我們也用眼睛來聆聽。1976 年科學家發表一篇劃時代的研究，發現人們在聽別人說話時，會同時運用聽覺與視覺來接 收訊息，像是觀察嘴部與臉部的動作。 That study, and many that followed, raised this fundamental question about speech perception: If humans can integrate different sensory cues, do they do so through experience (through seeing countless speaking faces over time), or has evolution hard-wired them to do it? 其後許多研究也針對談話訊息的接收提出了以下的基本問題：如果人類可以結合不同的感 知訊息，他們是靠經驗還是靠演化來的神經傳導做到的呢? A new study that looks at a different set of sensory cues adds to a growing body of evidence that suggests such integration is innate. In a paper in Nature, Bryan Gick and Donald Derrick of the University of British Columbia report that people can hear with their skin. 一篇新的研究把重點放在別的感知接收，並提供了許多證據來證實此結合運用是天生的。 英屬哥倫比亞大學的Bryan Gick與 Donald Derrick在《Nature》上發表一篇研究，他們 認為人類可以用皮膚來聽聞。 The researchers had subjects listen to spoken syllables while hooked up to a device that would simultaneously blow a tiny puff of air onto the skin of their hand or neck. The syllables included “pa” and “ta,” which produce a brief puff from the mouth when spoken, and “da” and “ba,” which do not produce puffs. They found that when listeners heard “da” or “ba” while a puff of air was blown onto their skin, they perceived the sound as “ta” or “pa.” 科學家讓受試者聽取不同的音節，身上並連接一台會同時噴氣的裝置，噴在他們的手部與 脖子上。這些音節包括“pa”和“ta”，當人發這些音時會從嘴巴噴出短促的氣；還有 “da”和 “ba”，這些音並不會產生噴氣。科學家發現當受試者聽到“da”或“ba”且 同時被噴氣時，他們會覺得他們聽到的是“ta”或“pa”。 Dr. Gick said the findings were similar to those from the 1976 study, in which visual cues trumped auditory ones — subjects listened to one syllable but perceived another because they were watching video of mouth movements corresponding to the second syllable. In his study, he said, cues from sensory receptors on the skin trumped the ears as well. “Our skin is doing the hearing for us,” he said. Gick博士認為這項發現與1976年的發現相當類似，那年是視覺訊息強過聽覺－受試者聽取 某個音節時，他們會認為是另一個音節，因為他們同時在觀看發出誤導音節的嘴形錄像。 Girck的研究顯示皮膚上的訊息接收器強過聽覺，他說：「我們的皮膚也在幫我們聆聽。 」 Dr. Gick noted that it would normally be rare that someone actually sensed a puff of air produced by another, although people might occasionally sense their own puffs. Either way, he said, the stimulus is very subtle, “which suggests it is very powerful.” Gick博士注意到人們通常很少察覺別人說話時的吐氣，但卻會偶爾察覺到自己吐的氣。他 說這兩種刺激可能都很細微：「但正說明他們都很有影響力。」 “What’s so persuasive about this particular effect,” he added, “is that people are picking up on this information that they don’t know they are using.” That supports the idea that integrating different sensory cues is innate. 他接著說：「這種結果之所以有說服力，是因為人們會無意識去接收此訊息。」這也支持 了人天生就能結合不同感知訊息的論點。 Dr. Gick said the finding also suggested that other sensory cues might be at work in speech perception — that, as he put it, “we are these fantastic perception machines that take in all the information available to us and integrate it seamlessly.” Gick博士認為此發現也暗示著當我們在聆聽時，我們可能也運用其他的感知來接收訊息。 他如此評論：「我們就是這麼神奇的感知接收機器，能盡可能接收所有訊息，並將訊息完 美結合。」 --

※ 發信站: 批踢踢兔(ptt2.cc) ◆ From: 220.136.179.213 ※ hitori:轉錄至看板 hitotsuhana 12/02 18:35 ※ nack:轉錄至看板 peacetree 12/02 18:43 ※ maibells0:轉錄至看板 Estrellas 12/02 18:56 ※ neversaylove:轉錄至看板 kevin1222 12/02 19:03 ※ shinoSH:轉錄至看板 BD 12/02 19:09 ※ carolsp:轉錄至看板 egocentric 12/02 19:29 ※ kylechen:轉錄至看板 ROCK_ME 12/02 19:52 ※ bomb:轉錄至看板 radiation 12/02 20:12 ※ huskie:轉錄至某隱形看板 12/02 21:06 ※ erilu:轉錄至看板 genuinesmile 12/02 21:27 ※ Zoe:轉錄至某隱形看板 12/02 21:35 ※ Milepost:轉錄至看板 Photography 12/02 21:37 ※ AmoCapustino:轉錄至看板 QuasiLontano 12/02 22:09 ※ makeitsimple:轉錄至看板 osuuchi 12/02 22:42 --

※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 118.168.233.186 --

※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 218.162.113.201