※ [本文转录自 Cognitive 看板] 作者: mulkcs (mulkcs) 标题: [转录]纽约时报:你的皮肤也在聆听 时间: Wed Dec 2 23:14:55 2009 ※ [本文转录自 mulkcs 信箱] 作者: [email protected] ([email protected]) 标题: 纽约时报:你的皮肤也在聆听 时间: Wed Dec 2 23:14:37 2009 作者: davidchaos (别闹了大卫先生) 看板: AAAAAAAA 标题: 纽约时报:你的皮肤也在聆听 时间: Wed Dec 2 18:34:16 2009 ※ [本文转录自 freeman 看板] http://0rz.tw/hRbVr December 1, 2009 OBSERVATORY People Hear With Skin as Well as Their Ears 你的皮肤也在聆听 By HENRY FOUNTAIN We hear with our ears, right? Yes, but scientists have known for years that we also hear with our eyes. In a landmark study published in 1976, researchers found that people integrated both auditory cues and visual ones, like mouth and face movements, when they heard speech. 我们是用耳朵来聆听的吧？没错，但科学家在好几年前就知道我们也用眼睛来聆听。1976 年科学家发表一篇划时代的研究，发现人们在听别人说话时，会同时运用听觉与视觉来接 收讯息，像是观察嘴部与脸部的动作。 That study, and many that followed, raised this fundamental question about speech perception: If humans can integrate different sensory cues, do they do so through experience (through seeing countless speaking faces over time), or has evolution hard-wired them to do it? 其後许多研究也针对谈话讯息的接收提出了以下的基本问题：如果人类可以结合不同的感 知讯息，他们是靠经验还是靠演化来的神经传导做到的呢? A new study that looks at a different set of sensory cues adds to a growing body of evidence that suggests such integration is innate. In a paper in Nature, Bryan Gick and Donald Derrick of the University of British Columbia report that people can hear with their skin. 一篇新的研究把重点放在别的感知接收，并提供了许多证据来证实此结合运用是天生的。 英属哥伦比亚大学的Bryan Gick与 Donald Derrick在《Nature》上发表一篇研究，他们 认为人类可以用皮肤来听闻。 The researchers had subjects listen to spoken syllables while hooked up to a device that would simultaneously blow a tiny puff of air onto the skin of their hand or neck. The syllables included “pa” and “ta,” which produce a brief puff from the mouth when spoken, and “da” and “ba,” which do not produce puffs. They found that when listeners heard “da” or “ba” while a puff of air was blown onto their skin, they perceived the sound as “ta” or “pa.” 科学家让受试者听取不同的音节，身上并连接一台会同时喷气的装置，喷在他们的手部与 脖子上。这些音节包括“pa”和“ta”，当人发这些音时会从嘴巴喷出短促的气；还有 “da”和 “ba”，这些音并不会产生喷气。科学家发现当受试者听到“da”或“ba”且 同时被喷气时，他们会觉得他们听到的是“ta”或“pa”。 Dr. Gick said the findings were similar to those from the 1976 study, in which visual cues trumped auditory ones — subjects listened to one syllable but perceived another because they were watching video of mouth movements corresponding to the second syllable. In his study, he said, cues from sensory receptors on the skin trumped the ears as well. “Our skin is doing the hearing for us,” he said. Gick博士认为这项发现与1976年的发现相当类似，那年是视觉讯息强过听觉－受试者听取 某个音节时，他们会认为是另一个音节，因为他们同时在观看发出误导音节的嘴形录像。 Girck的研究显示皮肤上的讯息接收器强过听觉，他说：「我们的皮肤也在帮我们聆听。 」 Dr. Gick noted that it would normally be rare that someone actually sensed a puff of air produced by another, although people might occasionally sense their own puffs. Either way, he said, the stimulus is very subtle, “which suggests it is very powerful.” Gick博士注意到人们通常很少察觉别人说话时的吐气，但却会偶尔察觉到自己吐的气。他 说这两种刺激可能都很细微：「但正说明他们都很有影响力。」 “What’s so persuasive about this particular effect,” he added, “is that people are picking up on this information that they don’t know they are using.” That supports the idea that integrating different sensory cues is innate. 他接着说：「这种结果之所以有说服力，是因为人们会无意识去接收此讯息。」这也支持 了人天生就能结合不同感知讯息的论点。 Dr. Gick said the finding also suggested that other sensory cues might be at work in speech perception — that, as he put it, “we are these fantastic perception machines that take in all the information available to us and integrate it seamlessly.” Gick博士认为此发现也暗示着当我们在聆听时，我们可能也运用其他的感知来接收讯息。 他如此评论：「我们就是这麽神奇的感知接收机器，能尽可能接收所有讯息，并将讯息完 美结合。」 --

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