what is Language Language is a system a system for encoding (creating) and decoding (interpreting) information Language is the systematic creation and usage of symbols what is linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of natural language (所以研究範圍包括所有人類和動物的語言) the scope and diversity of human and experience place great demands on language.(on page 1 in the textbook) human language must be creative- allowing novelty and innovation in response to new thoughts, experiences, and situation. (on page 1 in the textbook) Linguistic Competence This term describes the knowledge possessed by native users of a language wjich enables them to speak and understand their language fluently. The knowledge is internalised within speakers and not necessarily something they are aware of possessing. There are two main forms of competence gramatical competence it focuses on linguistic abilities (1)how to pronounce words (2)how to arrange them in phrases, clauses, and sentences (3)how to assign meanings to them communivcative competence it focuses on the use of this internalised knowledge to communivate effectively. (1) know how much information to give (2) how best to arrange it (3) generally being considerate of our audience competence is a cognitive, or mental, skill Linguistic Performance it describes the actual use of language in concrete situations (1) an abstract entity (2) a physical entity ''performance errors'' 我覺得這兩個名詞用寫得好難解釋ㄟ:( 有問題看不懂可以來問我 對於老師可能會考的問題 ''甚麼樣才教做了解一個語言'' 我個人認為大概可以寫說 了解一個語言必須要具備linguistics competence and linguistics performance 才可以適當地創造語言 並且使語言有意義 以上是第一章的重點 我一個字一個字打 希望沒有打錯 歡迎批評與指教(以上資料只給大家做參考 英文資料都是可靠書籍節錄而來 最後那一個指是我的個人想法 到時候錯了不要打偶ㄛ) --

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