what is Language Language is a system a system for encoding (creating) and decoding (interpreting) information Language is the systematic creation and usage of symbols what is linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of natural language (所以研究范围包括所有人类和动物的语言) the scope and diversity of human and experience place great demands on language.(on page 1 in the textbook) human language must be creative- allowing novelty and innovation in response to new thoughts, experiences, and situation. (on page 1 in the textbook) Linguistic Competence This term describes the knowledge possessed by native users of a language wjich enables them to speak and understand their language fluently. The knowledge is internalised within speakers and not necessarily something they are aware of possessing. There are two main forms of competence gramatical competence it focuses on linguistic abilities (1)how to pronounce words (2)how to arrange them in phrases, clauses, and sentences (3)how to assign meanings to them communivcative competence it focuses on the use of this internalised knowledge to communivate effectively. (1) know how much information to give (2) how best to arrange it (3) generally being considerate of our audience competence is a cognitive, or mental, skill Linguistic Performance it describes the actual use of language in concrete situations (1) an abstract entity (2) a physical entity ''performance errors'' 我觉得这两个名词用写得好难解释ㄟ:( 有问题看不懂可以来问我 对於老师可能会考的问题 ''甚麽样才教做了解一个语言'' 我个人认为大概可以写说 了解一个语言必须要具备linguistics competence and linguistics performance 才可以适当地创造语言 并且使语言有意义 以上是第一章的重点 我一个字一个字打 希望没有打错 欢迎批评与指教(以上资料只给大家做参考 英文资料都是可靠书籍节录而来 最後那一个指是我的个人想法 到时候错了不要打偶ㄛ) --

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