Hi all, 我是J2. 之前一篇文章有介紹過托福高頻率閱讀Vocalization in Frogs: https:// goo.gl/BhgDo5 ， 上禮拜天11/12也考出一篇一年至少出現三、四次文章Post-Pleistocene Extinctions in the New World，回饋一下鄉民，直接分享前面兩段＋5道 題，同學可以試做看看喔！同學也可以順便在以下推文作題，超過10推公布 答案，另外視同學反應分享更多高頻文章喔！ 另外，為了幫助更多同學在年末把握最後時間衝高分數，將開放公益時間幫 助同學看作文，同學若想拼破百，除了閱讀聽力要穩定25以上，寫作也是拿 分關鍵，短短15分鐘可以幫你找出你寫作盲點，輕鬆拿G，突破25分！ 第一期開放時段： 時間：11/19 (日) 13:30-15:00, 每位同學15分鐘，只有六個名額，要來要快！ 地點：台北市信義路四段六號13F-7 (捷運大安站四號出口) 要參加同學請在以下推文，並留下預計諮詢時間，以及要看的文章類型(整 合or獨立) 例： J2 推！13:30-15:00, 獨立寫作 並在當天把寫好的文章印出來，格式double-space, 方便給你更多建議＋註 解,當天不便前來同學也請再留言取消，把名額給需要的同學。 * * * * * 本文開始 文章大綱提醒：說到更新世末期冰河期動物絕種的理論，最常見的除了 climate change以外，就是人類的出現、打獵活動造成此時期大型動物 (megafauna)消失。 Post-Pleistocene Extinctions in the New World 第一段：在地球最近的一次冰河期，約12,000年前，人類開始在New World (the land area now known as North and South America)活動，剛好跟很 多大型動物如mammoths, mastodons, giant ground sloths等絕種幾乎在同 一時間發生(coincided with)。Their apparently rapid rate of extinction after humans arrived, have led some to conclude that human hunters forced many New World animals into extinction shortly after the Pleistocene epoch. 1. The phrase “coincided with” in the passage is closest in meaning to A) resulted in B) speeded up C) began the process of D) happened at the same time as 2. The word “apparently” in the passage is closest in meaning to A) extremely B) seemingly C) usually D) relatively 3. According to paragraph 1, why have some people assumed that human hunters caused the extinction of many New World species? A) Hunting-and-gathering societies are known to have hunted animals until they were extinct. B) These species disappeared rapidly after humans arrived in the New World. C) Animal species that disappeared in the New World could still be seen in other regions of the world. D) Hunting-and-gathering societies could not coexist with large animal species such as mammoths and mastodons. 第二段：第一句話直接打臉，說人類應該跟這時大型動物絕種無關。一些大 型動物(big-game species)像mastodon 在北美的東部確實也在更新世 (Pleistocene)末期絕種，也跟人類出現時間重疊，但骨頭化石顯示很少跟 human activities有關聯。只發現兩種動物：mammoths and mastodons extinct, 而且在所有 sites 中, 只有其中幾個發現 association between an extinct animal and Clovis artifacts. 鳥類也絕種, 但是鳥類並不是 當時 Clovis people 重要的獵物。Thus it would seem that at least some larger animals became extinct without much human assistance. 4. The word “Thus” in the passage is closest in meaning to A) However B) In addition C) Therefore D) Basically 5. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons to doubt that humans caused the extinction of species at the end of the Pleistocene epoch EXCEPT: A) Only two big-game animals – mammoths and mastodons – are actually known to have become extinct during that time. B) It is unlikely that humans caused the disappearance of so many species of birds that also became extinct. C) Archaeologists have found no evidence of the kind of hunting practices likely to cause extinctions. D) Bones of few big-game species have been found in association with human activities in populated areas of North America. --

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