作者YangWenli (半退隱中)
看板PSY
標題[翻譯] 認知行為治療 (03)
時間Wed Jun 22 21:11:47 2011
出處：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy
Behavior therapeutical approaches appeared as early as 1924, with Mary Cover
Jones' work on the unlearning of fears in children. In 1937 Abraham Low
developed cognitive training techniques for patient aftercare following
psychiatric hospitalization. Low designed his techniques for use in his
organization, Recovery International, which supports people recovering from
mental illness. Although Recovery International was originally led by Low, he
later adapted the techniques for use in lay-run self-help groups operating
under the same name.
行為治療的方法早在 1924 年就出現在 Mary Cover Jones 探討
兒童如何消除恐懼的著作中。1937 年，Abraham Low為精神病患住院
治療結束後的復健，發展出一套認知訓練技巧。Low 也將他的技巧運
用在他創立的組織「國際復健」當中，協助人們從心理疾病當中復原
。雖然「國際復健」最初由 Low領導，他後來也改編了這些技巧，將
其用在以相同名稱運作的自助團體當中。
It was during the period 1950 to 1970 that behavioral therapy became widely
utilized, with researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom and South
Africa who were inspired by the behaviorist learning theory of Ivan Pavlov,
John B. Watson and Clark L. Hull. In Britain, this work was mostly focused on
the neurotic disorders through the work of Joseph Wolpe, who applied the
findings of animal experiments to his method of systematic desensitization,
the precursor to today's fear reduction techniques. British psychologist Hans
Eysenck, inspired by the writings of Karl Popper, criticized psychoanalysis
in arguing that "if you get rid of the symptoms, you get rid of the
neurosis", and presented behavior therapy as a constructive alternative. In
the United States, psychologists were applying the radical behaviorism of B.
F. Skinner to clinical use. Much of this work was concentrated towards
severe, chronic psychiatric disorders, such as psychotic behavior and autism.
1950-1970 年這段期間，行為治療開始獲得廣泛運用，美國、英
國與南非的研究者，都從 Ivan Pavlov、John B. Watson、Clark L.
Hull等行為主義者的學習理論獲得啟發。在英國，這些研究大多聚焦
在精神官能症，Joseph Wolpe將他在動物實驗當中的發現，套用到他
的系統減敏感法上，這是今天用來消除恐懼的技巧的前身。英國心理
學家 Hans Eysenck由 Karl Popper 的著作獲得靈感，以「假如你擺
脫了症狀，你就擺脫了精神官能症」這一論點來批評精神分析，並以
行為治療作為建設性的替代方案。在美國，心理學家將 B. F. Skinner
的激進行為主義應用在臨床上。這些工作大多關注嚴重、慢性的精神
失常，如精神病性行為與自閉症。
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◆ From: 140.115.220.49
1F：→ skylikewater:neurotic disorders就直接翻精神官能症比較好 06/23 03:03
2F：→ skylikewater:翻神經會跟一般民眾搞不清楚神經科/精神科一樣 06/23 03:03
※ 編輯: YangWenli 來自: 140.115.220.49 (06/23 09:41)
3F：→ YangWenli:感謝！:) 已修改 06/23 09:41
4F：→ JMIS:psychotic behavior是不是翻做精神病性行為比較好(?) 06/23 20:42
5F：→ JMIS:People suffering from psychosis are described as 06/23 20:43
7F：→ JMIS:精神病患的行為不一定就是嚴重、慢性的 06/23 20:45
8F：→ JMIS:Psychosis (from the Greek ψυχ? "psyche", for mind/soul 06/23 20:46
9F：→ JMIS:, and -ωσι? "-osis", for abnormal condition) means 06/23 20:46
10F：→ JMIS:abnormal condition of the mind, and is a generic 06/23 20:47
11F：→ JMIS:psychiatric term for a mental state often described as 06/23 20:47
12F：→ JMIS:involving a "loss of contact with reality". 06/23 20:47
13F：→ JMIS:比如說妄想、幻覺、無病識感等等。 06/23 20:49
14F：→ JMIS:Joseph Wolpe基於動物實驗的發現，設計出系統減敏感法 06/23 21:02
15F：→ JMIS:這邊好像怪怪的(?) 06/23 21:02
※ 編輯: YangWenli 來自: 140.115.220.49 (06/23 22:08)
16F：→ YangWenli:「精神病性行為」已改過來了。Joseph Wolpe的部分可能是 06/23 22:09
17F：→ YangWenli:因為意譯所以有點跳tone，現在改得貼近原文些，Thanks! 06/23 22:10
18F：推 JMIS:通順很多了, 給一個GJ ~ 推:) 06/23 22:18