出处：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy Behavior therapeutical approaches appeared as early as 1924, with Mary Cover Jones' work on the unlearning of fears in children. In 1937 Abraham Low developed cognitive training techniques for patient aftercare following psychiatric hospitalization. Low designed his techniques for use in his organization, Recovery International, which supports people recovering from mental illness. Although Recovery International was originally led by Low, he later adapted the techniques for use in lay-run self-help groups operating under the same name. 行为治疗的方法早在 1924 年就出现在 Mary Cover Jones 探讨 儿童如何消除恐惧的着作中。1937 年，Abraham Low为精神病患住院 治疗结束後的复健，发展出一套认知训练技巧。Low 也将他的技巧运 用在他创立的组织「国际复健」当中，协助人们从心理疾病当中复原 。虽然「国际复健」最初由 Low领导，他後来也改编了这些技巧，将 其用在以相同名称运作的自助团体当中。 It was during the period 1950 to 1970 that behavioral therapy became widely utilized, with researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom and South Africa who were inspired by the behaviorist learning theory of Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson and Clark L. Hull. In Britain, this work was mostly focused on the neurotic disorders through the work of Joseph Wolpe, who applied the findings of animal experiments to his method of systematic desensitization, the precursor to today's fear reduction techniques. British psychologist Hans Eysenck, inspired by the writings of Karl Popper, criticized psychoanalysis in arguing that "if you get rid of the symptoms, you get rid of the neurosis", and presented behavior therapy as a constructive alternative. In the United States, psychologists were applying the radical behaviorism of B. F. Skinner to clinical use. Much of this work was concentrated towards severe, chronic psychiatric disorders, such as psychotic behavior and autism. 1950-1970 年这段期间，行为治疗开始获得广泛运用，美国、英 国与南非的研究者，都从 Ivan Pavlov、John B. Watson、Clark L. Hull等行为主义者的学习理论获得启发。在英国，这些研究大多聚焦 在精神官能症，Joseph Wolpe将他在动物实验当中的发现，套用到他 的系统减敏感法上，这是今天用来消除恐惧的技巧的前身。英国心理 学家 Hans Eysenck由 Karl Popper 的着作获得灵感，以「假如你摆 脱了症状，你就摆脱了精神官能症」这一论点来批评精神分析，并以 行为治疗作为建设性的替代方案。在美国，心理学家将 B. F. Skinner 的激进行为主义应用在临床上。这些工作大多关注严重、慢性的精神 失常，如精神病性行为与自闭症。 -- 我的网志：http://www.wretch.cc/blog/YangWenli --

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