九十五學年度第一學期 歷史一期末考 一、 假設您是三人中的一人（孫文、康有為、慈禧太后），您如何為您所主張的 政治體制辯護，並駁斥其他兩人的主張？ 二、 為何康有為的政治主張不能被政府官員、儒家知識份子與激進的革命黨所認 同？ 三、 以選文與課文，請說明十九世紀中起，儒家知識份子如何認識西方科技知識 （西學）的重要，以及他們如何辯稱把西學引入與西方科技研究不合的傳統 儒家的教育系統（中學）中？ 四、 舉出兩個例子說明我與徐中約在清朝某些歷史事件上看法的不同？ 請在上述四題中選一題回答。並於一月22日以前，把作答寄至在ceiba的課程 網站作業區。 -------------------------------以下為英文版------------------------------- 1. Assuming that you were either Sun Yat-sen, Kang Youwei, or the Dowager Empress Cixi in 1907, how did you defend your political agenda while refuting the political agendas of the other two persons? 2. Why was Kang Youwei's political agenda and reformation denied by incumbent power-holders, Confucian literati, and radical revolutionaries? 3. With our readings and Hsu's work, explain how Confucian scholar-bureaucrats, since the middle of the nineteenth century, conceived of the scientific and technological knowledge of the West (xixue, Western learning) and how they argued for the necessity of introducing Western learning into traditional Confucian education (zhongxue, Chinese learning), whose knowledge-orientation is incompatible with the modern scientific study of materials. 4. Name any two disagreements that I have with Immanuel Hsu in explaining the historical events of the Qing dynasty. Choose one of the above four questions to answer. Send your paper to the course website at Ceiba by January 22. --

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