九十五学年度第一学期 历史一期末考 一、 假设您是三人中的一人（孙文、康有为、慈禧太后），您如何为您所主张的 政治体制辩护，并驳斥其他两人的主张？ 二、 为何康有为的政治主张不能被政府官员、儒家知识份子与激进的革命党所认 同？ 三、 以选文与课文，请说明十九世纪中起，儒家知识份子如何认识西方科技知识 （西学）的重要，以及他们如何辩称把西学引入与西方科技研究不合的传统 儒家的教育系统（中学）中？ 四、 举出两个例子说明我与徐中约在清朝某些历史事件上看法的不同？ 请在上述四题中选一题回答。并於一月22日以前，把作答寄至在ceiba的课程 网站作业区。 -------------------------------以下为英文版------------------------------- 1. Assuming that you were either Sun Yat-sen, Kang Youwei, or the Dowager Empress Cixi in 1907, how did you defend your political agenda while refuting the political agendas of the other two persons? 2. Why was Kang Youwei's political agenda and reformation denied by incumbent power-holders, Confucian literati, and radical revolutionaries? 3. With our readings and Hsu's work, explain how Confucian scholar-bureaucrats, since the middle of the nineteenth century, conceived of the scientific and technological knowledge of the West (xixue, Western learning) and how they argued for the necessity of introducing Western learning into traditional Confucian education (zhongxue, Chinese learning), whose knowledge-orientation is incompatible with the modern scientific study of materials. 4. Name any two disagreements that I have with Immanuel Hsu in explaining the historical events of the Qing dynasty. Choose one of the above four questions to answer. Send your paper to the course website at Ceiba by January 22. --

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