納粹優生計畫的選民 11月20日《紐時周報全文精譯》 Select Group Shares Roots in a Nazi Breeding Program 朱邦賢譯 對貢特拉姆．韋伯（Guntram Weber）而言，回到這個馬車和半木屋隨處可 見的奇異城鎮，長途跋涉，痛心疾首之餘，毫無救贖之效。 WERNIGERODE, Germany － For Guntram Weber, the journey that led to this quaint town of horse-drawn carts and half-timbered houses was long, wrenching, and anything but redemptive. 四年前，韋伯發現，他的父親不像他母親所說，是在第二次世界大戰期間光 榮捐軀沙場的年輕軍人。他父親其實是納粹黨衛軍（SS）高級軍官，當年駐防在 如今的波蘭（Poland）西部時，曾監督處死數以萬計的人。 Four years ago, Mr. Weber discovered that his father was not, as his mother had told him, a young soldier who died honorably on the battlefield during World War II. Instead, he was a high-ranking SS officer, who oversaw the deaths of tens of thousands of people while stationed in what is now western Poland. 韋伯說：「他在阿根廷（Argentina）壽終正寢。昔日同袍站在他墳邊，舉 右手向他敬禮。」韋伯的聲音充滿悲憤：「種族主義分子永遠是種族主義分子。」 “He died peacefully in Argentina, with his old comrades standing at his grave and raising their right arms,” Mr. Weber said, his voice thick with anger and grief. “A racist is forever a racist.” 63歲的韋伯向一屋子鴉雀無聲的聽眾述說自己的故事。聽眾大多數是白髮蒼 蒼的男人和女人，他們不時同情地點點頭，卻毫無驚訝之色。大部分聽眾有自己 被騙多年，最後才發現真相的故事。這些生命的歷史故事聽起來恍如神話。黑暗 的真相就長埋在一層層寂靜中。 As Mr. Weber, 63, told his story to a hushed room of mostly gray- haired men and women here, there were sympathetic nods, but little surprise. Most had their own tales of deceit and discovery, life histories that proved to be fairy tales, the dark truth buried under layers of silence. 這些聽眾是「生命之源」（Lebensborn）的孩子，當年納粹保安部隊設立優 生計畫，旨在散播繁衍亞利安種族（Aryan）的特徵。在這個冷颼颼的周末，他 們齊聚位於德國中部一隅的此處（韋爾尼格羅德），首度公開談論他們如何發現 自己被刻意養育成下一代納粹（Nazi）菁英的經過。 These are the children of the Lebensborn, an SS program devised to propagate Aryan traits. On this chilly weekend, they gathered here in a corner of central Germany to speak publicly, for the first time, about finding out they had been bred to be the next generation of Nazi elite. 現年63歲，來自巴伐利亞（Bavaria）的家庭治療師姬賽拉．海登瑞奇 （Giseia Heidenreich）說：「這是和大屠殺（the Holocaust）完全相反的例 證。」海登瑞奇的母親一直沒嫁人，她後來發現，她父親是納粹黨衛軍高級軍 官。「他們的構想是不擇手段，讓亞利安種族延續增長。」 “This is the opposite example of the Holocaust,” said Giseia Heidenreich, 63, a family therapist from Bavaria, whose mother was unmarried and whose father, she later discovered, was a senior SS officer. “The idea was to further the Aryan race by whatever means were available.” 所謂Lebensborn，意指「生命之源」，指的是在德國及其鄰近國家星羅棋 布的一系列診所，讓懷孕婦女可以在裡面秘密生產。這些孕婦大部分單身。她 們由納粹黨衛軍聘雇的醫生和護士照護。納粹黨衛軍正是讓人聞聲色變的納粹 保安部隊。 Lebensborn, or spring of life, refers to a series of clinics scattered throughout Germany and neighboring countries, to which pregnant women, most of them single, went to give birth in secret. They were cared for by doctors and nurses employed by the SS, the Nazi Party’s feared paramilitary unit. 其中有個診所坐落在哈茲山（Harz Mountains）附近沃尼格洛德鎮 （Wernigerode）的一個小山頭上。對前來參加「生命遺跡」團體集會的約莫 40個人而言，這間廢棄已久的診所是他們悲喜交集的尋根之旅的一部分。 One such clinic sits at the top of a hill in Wernigerode, a town near the Harz Mountains. The building, long abandoned, was part of a bittersweet homecoming tour for the 40 or so people who turned out for the meeting of a group known as Traces of Life. 要加入「生命之源」的孕婦還得血統純正─除了必須金髮碧眼，沒有遺傳 上的毛病外，還要能證明胎兒的父親也符合相同標準。她們必須宣誓效忠納粹 黨（Nazism）。 To be accepted into the Lebensborn, pregnant women had to have the right racial characteristics － blonde hair and blue eyes － prove that they had no genetic disorders, and be able to prove the identity of the father, who had to meet similar criteria. They had to swear fealty to Nazism. 許多胎兒的父親其實都是納粹黨衛軍軍官，他們都有自己的家庭。黨衛軍頭 子海瑞克．希姆勒（Heinrich Himmier）鼓勵手下婚外生子，以拓展德國優良血 統。 Many of the fathers were SS officers with their own families. Heinrich Himmier, the head of the SS, encouraged his men to sire children outside of marriage as a way of building a German master race. 如果這次重聚有任何意義，就是證明種族工程其實仍有其侷限。參加這個聚 會的德國人與參加其他任何集會的老一代德國人看來殊無二致：男人蓄著黑中泛 白的鬍子，童山濯濯；女人戴著眼鏡，白髮蒼蒼。 If anything, the reunion served as proof that racial engineering has its limits. The Germans here looked no different from those at any other gathering of older Germans: the men with salt-and-pepper beards and balding pates, the women with eyeglasses and frosted hair. 在1936到1945年間，大約有6000到8000人在德國境內的這種診所出生。因為 優生計畫諱莫如深，數十年來大部分人從未聽說過自己的身世。 About 6,000 to 8,000 people were born in these clinics in Germany between 1936 and 1945. Because of the program’s secrecy, most were not told for decades the circumstances of their births. 直到最近20年，即沉默之牆開始倒塌後，研究人員才能為「生命之源」計畫 提供證明文件。 Only in the last 20 years, as the wall of silence began crumbling, have researchers been able to document the Lebensborn program. 桃樂絲．施密特．柯斯特（Dorothee Schmitz-Koster）寫過一本有關「生命 之源」計畫的書。她說：「這些孩子成孕過程再平凡不過，無非是婚外情、一夜 情等等。」有些母親告訴孩子說，他們的父親捐軀沙場。 “The children were conceived in all the usual ways: love affairs, one-night stands, and so forth,” said Dorothee Schmitz-Koster, who has written a book about Lebensborn. Some mothers told their children that their fathers had been killed in the war. 施密特．柯斯特女士說：「大部分孩子長大後，知道自己不可告人的身世， 對母親十分火大，因為他們不是受騙，就是遭到遺棄。」 “Most grew up knowing they had a secret,” Ms. Schmitz-Koster said. “They were angry at their mothers, because they had been lied to or abandoned.” -- 大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私語。 嘈嘈切切錯雜彈，大珠小珠落玉盤。 間關鶯語花底滑，幽咽泉流水下灘。 水泉冷澀弦凝絕，凝絕不通聲漸歇。 別有幽愁暗恨生，此時無聲勝有聲。 銀瓶乍破水漿迸，鐵騎突出刀槍鳴。 曲終收撥當心畫，四弦一聲如裂帛。 東船西舫悄無言，唯見江心秋月白。 --

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