纳粹优生计画的选民 11月20日《纽时周报全文精译》 Select Group Shares Roots in a Nazi Breeding Program 朱邦贤译 对贡特拉姆．韦伯（Guntram Weber）而言，回到这个马车和半木屋随处可 见的奇异城镇，长途跋涉，痛心疾首之余，毫无救赎之效。 WERNIGERODE, Germany － For Guntram Weber, the journey that led to this quaint town of horse-drawn carts and half-timbered houses was long, wrenching, and anything but redemptive. 四年前，韦伯发现，他的父亲不像他母亲所说，是在第二次世界大战期间光 荣捐躯沙场的年轻军人。他父亲其实是纳粹党卫军（SS）高级军官，当年驻防在 如今的波兰（Poland）西部时，曾监督处死数以万计的人。 Four years ago, Mr. Weber discovered that his father was not, as his mother had told him, a young soldier who died honorably on the battlefield during World War II. Instead, he was a high-ranking SS officer, who oversaw the deaths of tens of thousands of people while stationed in what is now western Poland. 韦伯说：「他在阿根廷（Argentina）寿终正寝。昔日同袍站在他坟边，举 右手向他敬礼。」韦伯的声音充满悲愤：「种族主义分子永远是种族主义分子。」 “He died peacefully in Argentina, with his old comrades standing at his grave and raising their right arms,” Mr. Weber said, his voice thick with anger and grief. “A racist is forever a racist.” 63岁的韦伯向一屋子鸦雀无声的听众述说自己的故事。听众大多数是白发苍 苍的男人和女人，他们不时同情地点点头，却毫无惊讶之色。大部分听众有自己 被骗多年，最後才发现真相的故事。这些生命的历史故事听起来恍如神话。黑暗 的真相就长埋在一层层寂静中。 As Mr. Weber, 63, told his story to a hushed room of mostly gray- haired men and women here, there were sympathetic nods, but little surprise. Most had their own tales of deceit and discovery, life histories that proved to be fairy tales, the dark truth buried under layers of silence. 这些听众是「生命之源」（Lebensborn）的孩子，当年纳粹保安部队设立优 生计画，旨在散播繁衍亚利安种族（Aryan）的特徵。在这个冷飕飕的周末，他 们齐聚位於德国中部一隅的此处（韦尔尼格罗德），首度公开谈论他们如何发现 自己被刻意养育成下一代纳粹（Nazi）菁英的经过。 These are the children of the Lebensborn, an SS program devised to propagate Aryan traits. On this chilly weekend, they gathered here in a corner of central Germany to speak publicly, for the first time, about finding out they had been bred to be the next generation of Nazi elite. 现年63岁，来自巴伐利亚（Bavaria）的家庭治疗师姬赛拉．海登瑞奇 （Giseia Heidenreich）说：「这是和大屠杀（the Holocaust）完全相反的例 证。」海登瑞奇的母亲一直没嫁人，她後来发现，她父亲是纳粹党卫军高级军 官。「他们的构想是不择手段，让亚利安种族延续增长。」 “This is the opposite example of the Holocaust,” said Giseia Heidenreich, 63, a family therapist from Bavaria, whose mother was unmarried and whose father, she later discovered, was a senior SS officer. “The idea was to further the Aryan race by whatever means were available.” 所谓Lebensborn，意指「生命之源」，指的是在德国及其邻近国家星罗棋 布的一系列诊所，让怀孕妇女可以在里面秘密生产。这些孕妇大部分单身。她 们由纳粹党卫军聘雇的医生和护士照护。纳粹党卫军正是让人闻声色变的纳粹 保安部队。 Lebensborn, or spring of life, refers to a series of clinics scattered throughout Germany and neighboring countries, to which pregnant women, most of them single, went to give birth in secret. They were cared for by doctors and nurses employed by the SS, the Nazi Party’s feared paramilitary unit. 其中有个诊所坐落在哈兹山（Harz Mountains）附近沃尼格洛德镇 （Wernigerode）的一个小山头上。对前来参加「生命遗迹」团体集会的约莫 40个人而言，这间废弃已久的诊所是他们悲喜交集的寻根之旅的一部分。 One such clinic sits at the top of a hill in Wernigerode, a town near the Harz Mountains. The building, long abandoned, was part of a bittersweet homecoming tour for the 40 or so people who turned out for the meeting of a group known as Traces of Life. 要加入「生命之源」的孕妇还得血统纯正─除了必须金发碧眼，没有遗传 上的毛病外，还要能证明胎儿的父亲也符合相同标准。她们必须宣誓效忠纳粹 党（Nazism）。 To be accepted into the Lebensborn, pregnant women had to have the right racial characteristics － blonde hair and blue eyes － prove that they had no genetic disorders, and be able to prove the identity of the father, who had to meet similar criteria. They had to swear fealty to Nazism. 许多胎儿的父亲其实都是纳粹党卫军军官，他们都有自己的家庭。党卫军头 子海瑞克．希姆勒（Heinrich Himmier）鼓励手下婚外生子，以拓展德国优良血 统。 Many of the fathers were SS officers with their own families. Heinrich Himmier, the head of the SS, encouraged his men to sire children outside of marriage as a way of building a German master race. 如果这次重聚有任何意义，就是证明种族工程其实仍有其局限。参加这个聚 会的德国人与参加其他任何集会的老一代德国人看来殊无二致：男人蓄着黑中泛 白的胡子，童山濯濯；女人戴着眼镜，白发苍苍。 If anything, the reunion served as proof that racial engineering has its limits. The Germans here looked no different from those at any other gathering of older Germans: the men with salt-and-pepper beards and balding pates, the women with eyeglasses and frosted hair. 在1936到1945年间，大约有6000到8000人在德国境内的这种诊所出生。因为 优生计画讳莫如深，数十年来大部分人从未听说过自己的身世。 About 6,000 to 8,000 people were born in these clinics in Germany between 1936 and 1945. Because of the program’s secrecy, most were not told for decades the circumstances of their births. 直到最近20年，即沉默之墙开始倒塌後，研究人员才能为「生命之源」计画 提供证明文件。 Only in the last 20 years, as the wall of silence began crumbling, have researchers been able to document the Lebensborn program. 桃乐丝．施密特．柯斯特（Dorothee Schmitz-Koster）写过一本有关「生命 之源」计画的书。她说：「这些孩子成孕过程再平凡不过，无非是婚外情、一夜 情等等。」有些母亲告诉孩子说，他们的父亲捐躯沙场。 “The children were conceived in all the usual ways: love affairs, one-night stands, and so forth,” said Dorothee Schmitz-Koster, who has written a book about Lebensborn. Some mothers told their children that their fathers had been killed in the war. 施密特．柯斯特女士说：「大部分孩子长大後，知道自己不可告人的身世， 对母亲十分火大，因为他们不是受骗，就是遭到遗弃。」 “Most grew up knowing they had a secret,” Ms. Schmitz-Koster said. “They were angry at their mothers, because they had been lied to or abandoned.” -- 大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私语。 嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘。 间关莺语花底滑，幽咽泉流水下滩。 水泉冷涩弦凝绝，凝绝不通声渐歇。 别有幽愁暗恨生，此时无声胜有声。 银瓶乍破水浆迸，铁骑突出刀枪鸣。 曲终收拨当心画，四弦一声如裂帛。 东船西舫悄无言，唯见江心秋月白。 --

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