不管千難萬險 偷渡客越墨奔美 Feb 05, 2007《紐時周報全文精譯》 Injury, robberies and rape do not stop Guatemalans, Hondurans and other Central Americans from trying to cross Mexico to reach the United States. Despite Danger, Migrants Cross Mexico 王麗娟 穿牛仔褲與Ｔ恤的四名薩爾瓦多男子，在烈日下沿著鐵道，拖著步伐向前 走，走向一個模糊但誘人的夢。 TAPACHULA, Mexico － Four Salvadoran men in jeans and T-shirts trudged along the railroad tracks under a hot sun, toward a fuzzy but seductive dream. 他們說，他們才到墨西哥幾小時，但身上現金已快被聯邦警察榨光。要到 美國邊界，他們得再跋涉2,400公里，沒有食物也沒水，每人身上只剩九美金。 They had been in Mexico for only a few hours and already federal police officers had taken almost all their cash, they said. They had some 2,400 kilometers to go to reach the United States border, with no food or water and $9 each. 四人打算先沿著嘉巴斯海岸步行約四百公里，行經移民常被搶或遭強暴的 12個城鎮，然後攀上貨運列車，和其他數百名移民繼續北上。這是一趟危險的 旅程，之前有幾百人翻落車下而肢殘。 They intended to walk along the Chiapas coast for about 400 kilometers, through a dozen towns where migrants are regularly robbed or raped. Then they planned to clamber aboard a freight train with hundreds of other immigrants for the trip north, a dangerous journey that has left hundreds before them maimed after they fell under the wheels. 其中一人，諾艾‧赫南德茲說：「確實很危險，可能賠上性命。但如有親 人在美國等著幫你，你就會想冒險嘗試。我們穿越墨西哥不是鬧著玩的。」 "It's dangerous, yes, one risks one's life," said one of the men, Noe Hernandez. "One risks it if you have a family member in the States to help you. It's not just for fun we go through Mexico." 在艾利亞加，每三天就有三到五百名中美洲人蜂擁攀上貨運列車。 Every three days, 300 to 500 Central Americans swarm the freight train in Arriaga. 移民涉水渡過瓜地馬拉與墨西哥之間的蘇齊亞泰河時，並未遭遇太大阻礙。 援助人員與移民說，墨國軍警敲移民竹槓，但很少逼他們回頭。 The migrants still wade across the Suchiate River between Guatemala and Mexico with little hindrance. Soldiers and police officers on the Mexican side extort money from the migrants but seldom turn them around, aid workers and migrants said. 專門提供非法移民食物、飲水、醫藥的政府機關「葛魯波貝塔」主管法蘭 西斯可‧艾塞維斯‧維杜戈說：「那條邊界開放。我們面對一個貪汙怪獸，這 怪獸太大了，我們無能為力。」 "It's an open border," said Francisco Aceves Verdugo, a supervisor in the government agency, Grupos Beta, that gives food, water and medicine to illegal migrants. "We are confronting a monster so big in the form of corruption that we aren't doing anything." 12月裡，墨西哥新總統卡德隆頒布新措施，以減緩從南部越界入境的非法 移民潮。他提高駐防墨西哥塔帕楚拉的軍人與聯邦警察人力，談及客工計畫， 還承諾展開逮捕非法移民作業。 In December, Mexico's new president, Felipe Calderon, announced measures to slow the flow of illegal immigrants across Mexico's southern border. He stepped up the presence of soldiers and federal police here, told of plans for a guest worker program and promised operations to catch illegal immigrants. 這些措施目前成效不彰。聯邦當局確實逮捕並遣返一路北上的中美洲移民 ，據「國家移民中心」女發言人雷提希雅‧羅德里蓋茲表示，當局去年約逮捕 遣返17萬人。 But for now the measures have had little effect. The federal authorities do catch and deport illegal immigrants from Central America on their trek north － about 170,000 last year, according to Leticia Rodriguez, a spokeswoman for the National Migration Institute. 移民說，最大的嚇阻力量，不是聯邦當局，而是持械埋伏打劫的盜匪。 The biggest deterrent, migrants say, is not federal authorities but armed thugs who waylay them. 前不久，27歲的宏都拉斯科馬亞瓜市人米西爾‧梅吉亞，和另外九個同鄉 的年輕人，在艾利亞加等車。渡過蘇齊亞泰河後，他們已走了11天路，終於抵 達艾利亞加的鐵路起點站。 Recently, Misael Mejia, 27, from Comayagua, Honduras, was awaiting the train in Arriaga with nine other young men from his town. They had walked for II days after wading across the Suchiate to get to the railhead in Arriaga. 一周前，他們在瓦瓦丹附近被三名戴著滑雪面罩的人埋伏搶個精光。其中 兩人掄著開山刀，第三人扛著機關槍。 None of them had any money after being ambushed a week before by three men in ski masks near Huehuetan. Two of the men carried machetes, the third a machine gun. 梅吉亞說，他還是要往前走。他在亞利桑納州的兄弟答應他，只要他過得 了美國邊界巡邏這一關，他會來接應。他丟下妻子和一個月兩百美元的司機工 作上路。 Mr. Mejia said he would press on. He has a brother in Arizona who has promised to pick him up if he can run the gantlet through the United States border patrol. He left a $200-a-month job as a driver, along with his wife. 他說：「在宏都拉斯，我覺得人生無望。別說一輩子買不起房子，連買車 也是奢望。我一無所有。」 "I felt hopeless in Honduras," he said. "Because I could never afford a house, not even a car. There is nothing I could have." 有些人摔落沈重的列車輪下瞬間夢碎。 For some, the dream ends with a fall under the train's heavy wheels. 在塔帕楚拉的「耶穌好牧羊人收容所」，唐納‧安東尼奧‧拉米雷茲‧艾 斯皮納斯一邊揉搓紮著繃帶、從膝蓋上方截斷的兩腿殘肢，一面回憶2004年3月 26日那個夜晚。他坐在兩節車廂之間，不小心打瞌睡，手一個沒抓穩，整個人 翻落軌道。 At the Shelter of Jesus the Good Pastor in Tapachula, Donar Antonio Ramirez Espinas rubbed the bandaged stumps of his legs, sheared off above the knee, as he recalled the night of March 26, 2004, when he dozed off while riding between cars, lost his grip and fell onto the tracks. 他說：「我面朝下翻落。起初以為沒事，翻過身來，才看到，才明白我兩 隻腳不見了。」 "I fell face down, and at first I didn't think anything had happened," he said. "When I turned over, I saw, I realized, that my feet didn't really exist." 在宏都拉斯老家，他都做些低賤的工作，每月約有一百廿美元收入。後來 ，他和幾個好友決定到美國碰碰運氣。 Back in Honduras, he had been working menial jobs, making about $120 a month. Then he and a few buddies decided to try their luck in the United States. 他說：「決心尋找更好的生活，不再過老爸過的日子，為了這個，你拿生 命冒險，絕未料到下場會是如此。一個沒腳的人。」 "You make the decision to look for a better life, not to continue with the life your father led, and for this you risk your life, without knowing that you could end up like this," he said. "An amputee." 意外發生後，他在塔帕楚拉的收容所待了兩年，和沮喪與自殺念頭搏鬥。 黑暗的日子總算過去，他回老家五個月，卻發現父母、前妻、三個子女無法接 受他的傷殘。他回憶說：「我九歲的兒子問我：『爸爸，你怎麼這樣子回來。』 我沒勇氣回答他。」 After the accident, he spent two years at the shelter in Tapachula, wrestling with depression and thoughts of suicide. When those black days finally passed, he returned home for five months, only to find his parents, his former wife and even his three children had trouble accepting his disability. "My 9-year-old said, 'Papa, why did you come back like this?' " he remembered. "I didn't dare answer him." 拉米雷茲返回塔帕楚拉收容所，希望在這裡學習一技之長，替其他火車受 害者做義腿或義手。 Mr. Rami'rez has returned to the shelter here, where he hopes to learn a trade － fashioning prosthetic legs and arms for other victims of the train. 受傷沒這麼嚴重的人則堅稱，意外只是一時的挫折。33歲的麥納‧艾斯杜 亞多‧柯泰茲在歐艾薩卡省準備攀爬上火車時，在車輪下失去左腳。在收容所， 他學會以義腳走路。他打算繼續他的旅程。他說，只要抵達休士頓，他的親人 會為他找到一份營建工作。 Some with lesser injuries insisted their accident was just a temporary setback. Minor Estuardo Cortez, 33, from Guatemala, lost his left foot under a train wheel while climbing aboard in Oaxaca State. At the shelter, he has learned to walk with a prosthetic foot. He intends to continue his journey. If he reaches Houston, he says, he has relatives who can get him a construction job. 他說：「就算再出事，我也不會被輕易嚇倒。我會重來一次，看是火車還 是我贏。只不過，我現在跑不動了，要等列車停下來才能爬上去。」 "If something happens to me, I don't scare easy," he said. "I'll do it again to see who wins, the train or me. Only thing is, I can't run, so I'll have to wait until it's stopped to get on." By JAMES C. McKINLEY Jr. 原文參照 http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/27/news/web.0127MEXICO.php 關鍵字句 從墨西哥邊界偷渡入美的非法移民（illegal immigrants），有許多先從 中美洲國家如薩爾瓦多或宏都拉斯偷渡到墨國，再繼續北上（ontheir trek north）。 對他們來說，從墨國南部北上到美國，是一趟危險之旅（dangerousjourney） ，一路餐風宿露，形同玩命（risk one's life），不是鬧著玩的（it's not just for fun）。可能因跌落鐵軌（fell under the wheels）而殘廢（maimed） ，終身要靠義肢（prosthesis）行走，或在途中，遭到持械的（armed）搶匪 （thugs, robbers, bandits）搶劫強暴。這些車霸路匪沿途伏擊（ambush, waylay them），除了戴滑雪面罩（ski masks），還帶傢伙，包括開山刀 （machetes）及機關槍（machinegun），所以這些移民認為，最大的阻力 （deterrent）不是聯邦當局（federal authorities），而是這批攔路搶匪。 偷渡到墨國的移民，通常在自己的國家，做的均是卑賤的工作（menial jobs），為追求更好的生活（look for a better life）而甘冒生命危險。 這些偷渡客在進入墨國時，很少遭遇阻力（hindrance），但通常一過邊 界，身上少有的現金，即被軍警勒索（extort）一空，只能搭順風霸王車， 前往美國邊界。 他們通常是爬上貨運列車（freight train），坐在兩車廂之間，一人即 因打瞌睡（doze off），手沒握牢（grip）翻落車下而殘廢，最後落得有家歸 不得。但誠如標題所說，儘管險阻重重（despitedanger），這些非法移民仍 前仆後繼，堅持不放棄（press on），要圓美國夢。 （王麗娟） 【2007-02-05/聯合報/B4版/UNITED DAILY NEWS】 -- 趙客縵胡纓 吳鉤霜雪明 銀鞍照白馬 颯沓如流星 十步殺一人 千里不留行 事了拂衣去 深藏身與名 閒過信陵飲 脫劍膝前橫 將炙啖朱亥 持觴勸侯贏 三盃吐然諾 五嶽倒為輕 眼花耳熱後 意氣素霓生 救趙揮金槌 邯鄲先震驚 千秋二壯士 烜赫大梁城 縱使俠骨香 不慚世上英 誰能書閤下 白首太玄經 李白 俠客行 --

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