課程名稱︰經濟學原理與實習上 課程性質︰必修 / 通識 A5* 課程教師︰魏凱立 開課學院：社會科學院 開課系所︰經濟學系 考試日期（年月日）︰101/01/09 考試時限（分鐘）：110 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題 : Multiple Choice Questions 1.What is a "price taker ? " (a) A buyer who pays a price (b) A seller who receives the money (c) A person who cannot affect a good's price (d) A monopolist who determines a good's price 2. Average total cost is lowest when: (a) The quantity of a good produced is incerased (b) There is no fixed cost (c) Markets are perfectly competitive (d) It is equal to the marginal cost 3. A monopsony exists when: (a) A good has only one seller (b) A good has only one buyer (c) The supply of a good is perfectly inelastic (d) The demand for a good is perfectly elastic 4. Why does a firm in a perfectly competitive market face a horizontal demand curve ? (a) Consumers do not care what price the firm changes (b) The amount the firm produces does not affect prices (c) The firm's cost of production does not depend on quantity (d) The quantity produces determines the firm's cost of production 5. The prisoner's dilemma model is used to show: (a) Why collusion is difficult among oligopolists (b) Why it is wrong to break the law (c) Why price in all markets depends on the cost of production (d) Why competition occurs in markets with monopolistic competiton 6. How does a club good differ from a public good ? (a) A club good is consumed by many people together (b) One person consuming a club good doesn't interfere with consumption of the good by others (c) A club good has a high fixed cost (d) Users of a club good can be forced to pay 7. What explains why rhinos are almost extinct while cows are still numerous ? (a) the prisoner's dilemma (b) the tragedy of the commons (c) monopoly power (d) diminishing marginal productivity 8. Why is a 10% tax on food a regressive tax ? (a) The tax falls on both the consumers and producers (b) The tax takes more money from the poor than from the rich (c) The rich spend less of their income on food than the poor (d) The price elasticity of food is less than one 9. National governments in the developed world get most of their tax revenue from: (a) Income taxes (b) Land taxes (c) Sales taxes (d) Tariffs and export taxes 10. What type costs do acountants often ignore ? (a) sunk costs (b) opportunity costs (c)variable costs (d)rental costs 11. If there is no collusion, is there a deadweight loss in oligopoly markets? (a) Yes always (b) No never (c) Only in a duopoly market (d) Only if the oligopolists can practice price discrimination Short ansers 12. Why are there no long-term profits in markets with monopolistic competition ? 13. Why doesn't a monopoly ever produce on the inelastic portion of its demand curve ? 14. Why does price discrimination by a monopolist increase the total surplus in the market ? 15. What is a Nash equilibrium ? In an oligopoly market is collusion usually a Nash equilibrium ? 16. Give a definition for " public good " Give one example of a public good 17. What is meant by " diseconomies of scale ? " How does this differ from " diminishing marginal productivity ? " 18. Give two possible reasons wages for unskilled labor have been falling in the U.S. over the last 20 years Problems: 19. A small firm in a perfectly competitive market claims it has a fixed cost of $10,000 and a variable cost of $10 per unit. Can this claim be correct ? Why or why not ? 20. (A) Draw a diagram showing a monopolistic competitive firm in a long-run equilibrium state. Remember to draw (1) a demand curve (2) a marginal cost curve (3) an average total cost curve and (4) a marginal revenue curve. Clearly mark the long-term eaulibrium quantity produced and the long-term equilibrium price (B) Now draw a second diagram showing what will result if more consumers enter the market. Again draw all four lines and clearly mark the short-run equilibrium quantity and price (C) What should now happen to bring the monopolistic competitive market back into long-run equilibrium ? 21. Below is the demand schedule for steel in an economy. Suppose that steel costs $50 per unit to produce. (A) How much steel would a profit-maximizing monopolist produce ? (B) How much steel would be produced if the market were perfectly competitive? (C) If this market were perfectly competitve, how large would the consumer surplus would be ? (D) If this market were a monopoly, how large would the consumer surplus would be ? (E) If this market were a monopoly, how large would the deadweight loss would be ? Quantity Price Total revenue Total cost 10,000 30 300,000 500,000 9,000 40 360,000 450,000 8,000 50 400,000 400,000 7,000 60 420,000 350,000 6,000 70 420,000 300,000 5,000 80 400,000 250,000 4,000 90 360,000 150,000 3,000 100 300,000 150,000 2,000 110 220,000 100,000 1,000 120 120,000 50,000 0 130 0 0 --

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