課程名稱︰普通生物學乙上 課程性質︰必修 課程教師︰施秀惠(與朱家瑩合開) 開課學院：醫學院 開課系所︰藥學系 考試日期（年月日）︰100/11/21 考試時限（分鐘）：110 min 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 期中考範圍為施秀惠老師授課部分 (分為A、B兩卷，題目皆相同，僅題目順序不同；此為A卷。) 一、是非題 (每題2分，共40分；對於以下各敘述，正確地請打Ｏ，錯誤的請打Ｘ) 1. Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life. 2. Feedback is a regulatory motif common to life at all levels, from the molecular level to ecosystems, and the biosphere. 3. Precapillary sphincters regulate the passage of blood into capillary beds. 4. A conformer is an animal for which an internal condition changes in accor- dance with changes in an environmental variable. 5. Water is a universal solvent, a quality we can trace to the polarity of the water molecule. 6. Transport epithelia that function in maintaining water balance also often function in disposal of metabolic wastes. 7. Acid precipitation refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower than 4.2. 8. In innate immunity, recognition and response rely on traits specific to particulat pathogens. 9. Antibodies could either kill or bind to pathogens for neutralization or opsonization. 10. Dietary minerals are organic nutrients that are usually required in small amounts. 11. The blood O2 level usually has major effect than the CO2 level in regula- ting human breathing. 12. Four types of phagocytic cells in mammalian body are nertrophils, macro- phages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. 13. All of 20 amino acids are essential nutrients to animals because animals require these to make thousands of important molecular tools, the proteins. 14. The diet from which a ruminant actually absorbs its nutrients is much ri- cher than the grass the animal originally eats, because of the microbial action in its stomach. 15. Physical separation is the main function of epithelial tissues, while con- nective tissues function mainly to bind and support other tissues in ani- mals. 16. Ectotherms can use metabolic heat to regulate their body temperature, in contrast, endotherms gain most of their heat from the environment. 17. An encounter with an antigen selects which lymphocyte will divide to pro- duce a clonal population of thousands of cells specific for a particular epitope. 18. The secondary immune response relies on the reservoir of T and B memory cells generated following initial exposure to an antigen. 19. Ammonia is produced when proteins and fats are broken apart for energy or biosynthesis. 20. In starch, all the glucose monomers are in the β configuration. 二、填充題(40分)：以正確英文術語作答者，每格2分；以正確中文術語作答者，每格1分 1. (1) is reasoning from a set of specific observations to reach a general conclusion. In contrast to (1), (2) involves logic from the general to the specific. 2. Evolutionary adaptations of vertebrate digestive systems often correlate with (3). 3. The (4) of an animal is the result of a pattern of development programmed by the genome. 4. (5) immune response defends against intracellular pathogens and cancer, while (6) immune response defends against extracellular pathogens in blood and lymph. 5. Carbohydrates serve as (7) and (8). 6. The spaces between cells are filled with fluid, in many animals called (9). In animals with open circulatory systems, the circulatory fluid called (10) is also the (9). 7. Bilayer structure of biological membranes forms by self-assemble of (11) in an (12) environment. 8. An animal's food must supply (13), (14), and essential nutrients. 9. The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge vo- lume of data that result from high-throughout methods called (15) 10. The overall flow and transformation of energy in an animal is its (16) 11. The (17) is the part of an animal's body where gas exchange occurs. The movement of O2 and CO2 across moist (17) takes place entirely by (18). 12. An animal's nitrogenous wastes reflects its (19) and (20). 三、問答題(20分) 以溶氧量和擴散速率而言，水是比空氣差的呼吸介質。請問魚類如何改善克服此問題？ --

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