課程名稱︰生理心理學 課程性質︰必修 課程教師︰賴文崧 開課學院：理 開課系所︰心理系 考試日期（年月日）︰20111114 考試時限（分鐘）：3小時 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題 : 第一大題：配合題（每題1分共38分） (1) CT (2) PET (3) fMRI (4) MEG (5) TMS (6) Optical imaging (7) Radiocarbon dating (A) identification of brain regions that are particularly active during a given task through detecting changes in blood flow (B) stimulation/interference of cortical neurons through the application of strong magnetic fields (C) A techniques that can be used to estimate the age of fossils (D) examination of brain activities by injecting radioactive substance as a tracer (E) visualization of brain activity by near-infrared light (F) examination of brain structure by X-Rays (G) A technique that can be used to measure the tiny magnetic fields produced by active neurons (8) HRP (9) Immunocytochemistry (10)Nissl stain (11)in situ hybridization (12)autoradiography (13)c-Fos immunostaining (14)Golgi stain (A) detection of particular RNA transcript in tissue or brain slices (B) fills a small proportion of neurons with a dark, silver-based precipitate (C) using specific enzyme(S) to trace neural pathways in the brain (D) using specific antibody-antigen binding to detect particular proteins in cells or neurons (E) stains outlines all cell bodies because dyes are attracted to RNA (F) shows the distribution of radioactive chemicals in tissues or brain slices (G) detects an immediate early gene expression in cells [一張大腦sagittal剖面圖，白色箭頭指皮層區] 1. The region indicated by the white arrow in the Figure 1 is called (15), which has (16) layers in humans 2. In order to get the brain section like Figure 1, we could section the brain in the (17) plane (A) Cerebellum (B) Medulla (C) Cortex (D) Forebrain (E) Midbrain (F) Hindbrain (G) 3 (H) 6 (I) 7 (J) Sagittal (K) Horizontal(L) Coronal (18) Goiter (19) Diabetes (20) Dark-light cycle (21) Pair-bonding in male prairie voles (22) Milk letdown reflex (23) reduce inflammation (24) Aggression (25) Psychosocial dwarfism (A) Thyroid hormone (B) Growth hormone (C) Vasopressin (D) Testosterone (E) Melatonin (F) Glucocorticoids (G) Oxytocin (H) Insulin (I) Estrogen (J) ACTH (26) Tetrodotoxin (TTX) (27) alpha-bungarotoxin (28) Amphetamine (29) G protein (30) Anxiolytics (31) LSD (32) Marijuana (33) Phencyclidine (PCP) (34) Pittsburgh Blue (PiB) (35) Typical neuroleptic (A) GABA receptors (B) Sodium channels (C) Acetylcholine receptors (D) Dopaminergic receptors (E) Metabotropic receptors (F) Serotonin receptors (G) Opioid receptors (H) Cannabinoid receptors (I) NMDA receptors (J) Adenosine receptors (K) Dopamine D2 receptors (L) Beta-amyloid (36): "A mechanism for specific selection for general learning ability. Selected offspring would tend to have an increased capacity for learning new skills rather than being confined to genetically coded, relatively fixed abilities...the sustained behavior of a species or group can shape the evolution of the species." This sentence is describing? (37): The tail of the male peacock (of the peafowl species) is energy demanging ; therefore, it must confer some food gathering advantage. (38): is intended to explain two different phenomena: the advantage of sexual reproduction at the level of individuals, and the constant evolutionary arms race between competing species. (A) Baldwin effect (B) Handicap principle (C) Bottleneck effect (D) Social brain hypothesis (E) Red queen hypothesis 第二大題 名詞解釋（每題2分，共32分） 1.Neuromuscular junction 2.Axon hillock 3.Dose-response curse (DRC) 4.Negative feedback 5.Knockout organism 6.HPA axis 7.Epigenetic effects 8.Self-administration (of a drug) 9.Oligodendrocyte 10.Blood-brain carrier 11.Evolutionary psychology 12.Neural tube 13.Homeostasis 14.Apoptosis 15.Fragile X syndrome 16.Fetal alcohol syndrom (FAS) 第三大題 簡答申論（每題8分，共40分） 1.請根據課本，舉出一種你感興趣的的胺類神經傳導物質（amines）為例，介紹其(a)基本 功能、(b)合成與分解過程以及(c)在腦中大致的分佈與投射路徑。 2.請論述神經傳導物質與激素的作用機制，並比較兩者間的異同處。 3.藥物或物質要進入的人體引發效果有很多種方式。請根據你的教科書，描述或說明四種 藥物或物質進入的人體主要途徑（請各舉一個或一種藥物當做例子），也請說明這四種 途徑其作用方式或機制，並請比較這四種途徑引發藥效的相對速度。 4.下圖為一個動作電位的圖形，請以離子進出來分別說明動作電位（action potential） 的幾個階段如何產生。 5.請根據課本說明神經系統發展過程中的六個階段，並分別描述及說明每個步驟/階段的 細節與目的。 滿分共110分 --

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