課程名稱︰總體經濟學二 課程性質︰系必修 課程教師︰梁明義 開課學院：社會科學院 開課系所︰經濟學系 考試日期（年月日）︰2011/06/20 考試時限（分鐘）：約從9:30~12:10 是否需發放獎勵金：是 （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題 : 1.(20%) (a)(6%) 美國聯邦政府預算於1980-1997期間有長期大量赤字，然從１９９８年「轉虧為盈 」，而從2002年起再度轉變為赤字。Gordon如何說明「Why the Budget Deficit Disappeared Temporarily and Then Reappeared」? (b)(8%) 試從「理論」(abstract theory)與「信息」(message)兩方面來比較說明Barro- Ricardo Equivalence Theorem與課本第4章的classical crowding out effect 之「異」與「同」。 (c)(6%) 試說明二次大戰結束以來，西方國家政府有關「財政」與「貨幣」政策角色對換 　　　　以及學者們對「Long-Run Effects of Fiscal Policy on Economics Growth and Welfare」的看法。 2.(20%) (a)(5%) 課本使用一個Desert Island Bank來說明商業銀行如何「創造貨幣」的過程。 What are the 4 required conditions for money creation? (b)(10%)試問美國自1970年代末期所開啟的「金融自由化」如何： (i )affected the slope of the IS and LM curves; and (ii )contributed to increased volatility of interest rates in the 1980s?又美國的利率為何less volative in the 1990s? (iii)為何今天大部分學者都認為這個「金融化自由」是導致2008金融風暴的 遠因? (c)(5%) Suppose you earn and spend $1,200 per month. You receive your paycheck on the first day of the month and must decide how much of it to hold as cash and how much to deposit in youe savings account. The savings account pays 0.02 interest ; however, the bank charges you $3 for each withdrawal you make during the month. What will be your average demand for cash over the month? If the interest rate rose to 0.045, what would be your average demand for cash over month? 3.(20%) (a)(5%) M. Fridman 在1968年發表文章"The Role of Monetary Policy"陳述其對「貨幣 　　　　政策所應扮演的角色」的看法。試列舉「重貨幣學派(monetarists)」的主要看 法(propositions)。為何這套看法會被稱為「重」貨幣學派? 為何會被稱為Rule Advocates? (b)(5%) 說明「The Five Types of Lags」。Gordon對於美國的情況提出怎樣的「 Evidence on the Effectiveness Lag」? (c)(5%) Discuss the evidence that the economy's output has become more stable sine the mid-1980s. Discuss how changes in the nature of shocks to the economy contributed to the increased starility as well as the role that Fed played in reducing volatility. (d)(5%) 說明The Taylor Rule的觀念與thw"inflation targeting" rule。 4.(20%) (a)(10%)Consumption Function 是要解釋整個經濟社會的consumption spending。 Consumption Function 的理論發展經歷了幾個階段。試說明下列經濟學者的 貢獻： (1) J.M. Keynes 的「fundamental psychological laws」。 (2) S. kuznets 的實證發現 (3) F. Modigiliani 的 Life Cycle Hypothesis。 (b)(5%) 說明the Acceleratot Hypothesis of Net Investment的觀念。會何要稱之為 "accelerator"? 在怎樣的假設下可得"The Simple Accelerator"? (c)(5%) Are there other periods in the history of the U.S. economy that are similar to the collapse of the New Economy investment boom? What are some of the factors that contributed to the collapse in the boom? 5.(20%) (a)(5%) 說明 Menu Costs Theory 與 Macroeconomic Externality。 (b)(5%) 說明 R.J. Gordon 對 Real Business Cycle Model 的 assessment。 (c)(10%)試討論「日本殖民統治」與「儒家思想傳統」對台灣戰後快速經濟成長的影響。 --

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