课程名称︰总体经济学二 课程性质︰系必修 课程教师︰梁明义 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济学系 考试日期（年月日）︰2011/06/20 考试时限（分钟）：约从9:30~12:10 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 1.(20%) (a)(6%) 美国联邦政府预算於1980-1997期间有长期大量赤字，然从１９９８年「转亏为盈 」，而从2002年起再度转变为赤字。Gordon如何说明「Why the Budget Deficit Disappeared Temporarily and Then Reappeared」? (b)(8%) 试从「理论」(abstract theory)与「信息」(message)两方面来比较说明Barro- Ricardo Equivalence Theorem与课本第4章的classical crowding out effect 之「异」与「同」。 (c)(6%) 试说明二次大战结束以来，西方国家政府有关「财政」与「货币」政策角色对换 　　　　以及学者们对「Long-Run Effects of Fiscal Policy on Economics Growth and Welfare」的看法。 2.(20%) (a)(5%) 课本使用一个Desert Island Bank来说明商业银行如何「创造货币」的过程。 What are the 4 required conditions for money creation? (b)(10%)试问美国自1970年代末期所开启的「金融自由化」如何： (i )affected the slope of the IS and LM curves; and (ii )contributed to increased volatility of interest rates in the 1980s?又美国的利率为何less volative in the 1990s? (iii)为何今天大部分学者都认为这个「金融化自由」是导致2008金融风暴的 远因? (c)(5%) Suppose you earn and spend $1,200 per month. You receive your paycheck on the first day of the month and must decide how much of it to hold as cash and how much to deposit in youe savings account. The savings account pays 0.02 interest ; however, the bank charges you $3 for each withdrawal you make during the month. What will be your average demand for cash over the month? If the interest rate rose to 0.045, what would be your average demand for cash over month? 3.(20%) (a)(5%) M. Fridman 在1968年发表文章"The Role of Monetary Policy"陈述其对「货币 　　　　政策所应扮演的角色」的看法。试列举「重货币学派(monetarists)」的主要看 法(propositions)。为何这套看法会被称为「重」货币学派? 为何会被称为Rule Advocates? (b)(5%) 说明「The Five Types of Lags」。Gordon对於美国的情况提出怎样的「 Evidence on the Effectiveness Lag」? (c)(5%) Discuss the evidence that the economy's output has become more stable sine the mid-1980s. Discuss how changes in the nature of shocks to the economy contributed to the increased starility as well as the role that Fed played in reducing volatility. (d)(5%) 说明The Taylor Rule的观念与thw"inflation targeting" rule。 4.(20%) (a)(10%)Consumption Function 是要解释整个经济社会的consumption spending。 Consumption Function 的理论发展经历了几个阶段。试说明下列经济学者的 贡献： (1) J.M. Keynes 的「fundamental psychological laws」。 (2) S. kuznets 的实证发现 (3) F. Modigiliani 的 Life Cycle Hypothesis。 (b)(5%) 说明the Acceleratot Hypothesis of Net Investment的观念。会何要称之为 "accelerator"? 在怎样的假设下可得"The Simple Accelerator"? (c)(5%) Are there other periods in the history of the U.S. economy that are similar to the collapse of the New Economy investment boom? What are some of the factors that contributed to the collapse in the boom? 5.(20%) (a)(5%) 说明 Menu Costs Theory 与 Macroeconomic Externality。 (b)(5%) 说明 R.J. Gordon 对 Real Business Cycle Model 的 assessment。 (c)(10%)试讨论「日本殖民统治」与「儒家思想传统」对台湾战後快速经济成长的影响。 --

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