課程名稱︰政治學二 課程性質︰本系必修兼通識 課程教師︰李錫錕 開課學院：社科院（？ 開課系所︰政治系 考試日期（年月日）︰2011/6/24 考試時限（分鐘）：100（但老師有多給一點 是否需發放獎勵金：是 試題 : 甲 30% 名詞解釋 a principium individuationis b cui servire est regnare c deus ex machina d in loco parentis e liberalism f individualism g nomenklatura h immaterial labor 乙 40% 翻譯 The Utility of Emulation The evidence in the artifacts of genteel culture compels us to make emulation the starting point for an explanation. In the words and objects of refined culture, the signs of gentility's origins in European courts are everywhere present. We can hardly doubt that people on the provincial periphery borrowed their culture fromn aristocratic centers. The books that fixed the rules for genteel behavior in America were only slightly revised versions of handbooks for courtiers; eighteenth-century mansions copied the styles of English country houses; American city plans were adaptations of Renaissance conceptions of civic space; artisans and shopkeepers promoted ttheir goods by claiming they were the latest London fashions. Stamped on every form of genteel culture was the mark of its origin in Europe and more specifically in aristocratic English society. Later people in country towns took their cues from American metropolitan centers, following the pattern of emulation but transferring the source. Given this evident emulative impulse, the methods of cultural transmission are not hard to envision. We know that the eighteenth-century American gentry desired to have the latest from Europe, and the stream of immigrant artisans supplemented by design books supplied the details. Provincial gentlemen in smaller towns in turn looked to models in Philadelphia or New York. John Dickinson told his carpenters to build a house in Wilmington, Delaware, modeled after great Philadelphia mansions; the decor of William Corbit's house in Cantwell's Bridge strongly resembled the carving in Samuel Powel's Philadelphia town house. Such transfers, multiplied by a thousand times, were the basic mechanism for the spread of culture. The practice of emulation, replicated at every level with every cultural good, created innumerable networks of influence along which gentility flowed from European style centers to remote American outposts. 討論聚焦 上列文字的「政治科學」意涵？ 丙 30% 十六世紀文藝復興之後歐美地區對政治力的研究從之前的「肉體與物質力為主軸」轉為「 心理與意識為主軸」；到十九世紀中葉後終於形成「惟心論」(idealism)與「惟物論」 (materialism) 的嚴重衝突並升高為政治力的慘烈對決。試探討這兩種對政治力的詮釋一 旦流行為「信仰」，兩種有何基本差異以及它們的衝突對現代國家體系產生何種衝擊 (impact)？ --

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