課程名稱︰政治學二 課程性質︰系定必修兼A5通識 課程教師︰李錫錕 開課學院：社會科學院 開課系所︰政治系 考試日期（年月日）︰2008.6.20 考試時限（分鐘）：100分鐘 是否需發放獎勵金：y thanks （如未明確表示，則不予發放） 試題 : 1.解釋名詞 (a)qui servire est regnare (b)in loco parentis (c)social contract (d)camaraderie (e)multitude 2.下列文字談及印度社會最低階層"untochables"，請翻譯成中文（外籍生免）並回答 相關問題。 The Consitution of modern independent India has abolished untocuhability in theory, but in practice, especially in rural areas, the concept still survives. Reform movements, or indviduals (see e.g. AMBEDKAR, B. R.), have tried hard to eradicate it, so far without success. Gandhi attempted to improve the image of untouchables by giving them the name 'Harijians' (Children of God); officially the are termed 'Scheduled Castes', but terminological change does not necessarily effect status change. The Scheduled Castes now enjoy a number of privileges--Scholarships and college places reserved for them, Civil Service jobs allocated to them, etc.--and this has given rise to a blacklash of resentment from higher castes in several areas of India. Socially intouchables still suffer discrimination, in spite of the State's efforts to integrate them into the modern Indian nation. 問題：19世紀歐洲的社會主義與20世紀亞洲的共產主義成功地激發了社會底層（勞工或 貧農階級）的政治力量，在歐洲爭取了「群眾（Demo）」的權益，在亞洲建立了 無產階級（proletariat）政權；他們為何能，印度的"untochables"為何不能？ 3.試從政治學觀點討論歐美社會「公民（citizen）」身為中產階級的制度─「公民權 （citizenship）」的受益者，它是如何運作以維護中產階級的利益？ 4.何謂「唯心勞力」（immaterial labor）（暫譯）？為何此一概念有助於解釋為何 後現代民主體系能夠化解階級衝突（class antagonism）並建立共識？ --

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