課程名稱︰世界史四 課程性質︰歷史系必修 課程教師︰王世宗 開課學院：文學院 開課系所︰歷史系 考試日期（年月日）︰2008/04/16 考試時限（分鐘）：14:20~16:20 是否需發放獎勵金：是 試題 : 一至四題擇其三，第五題必答，第六題自由選答。 一、(1)何謂自由主義(liberalism)？(2)請以十九世紀歐洲的革命運動和 改革政策為例，說明自由主義演進的趨勢。 二、請說明工業革命或資本主義對近代(1)政府與人民的關係(2)勞資關係 (3)兩性關係 發展的影響。 三、請以十九至二十世紀中期的歷史為論據，說明民族主義的理想與現實 之間的差異與衝突。 四、(1)有關「新帝國主義」(the New Imperialism)的成因有哪些說法？ 請略加批判。(2)新帝國主義與一次大戰的發生有何關連？ 五、請將下文中譯，然後加以補充和申論。 1. With the death of Geothe in 1832 the classicism of the Enlightenment was interred. Romanticism was in full bloom but it already began to look less to the past and the eternal, and increasingly to the present and its problems. The trend was towards greater realism. This was partly the result of optimism, which turned minds to improvement in this, rather than the next, world. It derived also, oddly perhaps, partly from disappointed hope... 2. Society, if it was to function properly, needed an organizing principle that would both acknowledge humanity's basic selfishness and at the same time compel people to sacrifice at least a portion of their own interests for the good of the majority. That principle, called utilitarianism, stated that every institution, every law, must be measured according to its social usefulness... This philosophy particularly appealed to the industrial middle classes in many ways... 3. The fundamental priciples of politics constitutions exist before all written law. A constitutional law is, and can only be, the development or sanction of an unwritten pre-existing right. The weakness and fragility of a constitution are actually in direct proportion to the multiplicity of written constitutional articles... Since every constitution is divine in its principle, it follows that man can do nothing in this way, unless he reposes himself upon God, whose interment he then becomes. 六、自問自答(視情形給分)。 --

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