课程名称︰世界史四 课程性质︰历史系必修 课程教师︰王世宗 开课学院：文学院 开课系所︰历史系 考试日期（年月日）︰2008/04/16 考试时限（分钟）：14:20~16:20 是否需发放奖励金：是 试题 : 一至四题择其三，第五题必答，第六题自由选答。 一、(1)何谓自由主义(liberalism)？(2)请以十九世纪欧洲的革命运动和 改革政策为例，说明自由主义演进的趋势。 二、请说明工业革命或资本主义对近代(1)政府与人民的关系(2)劳资关系 (3)两性关系 发展的影响。 三、请以十九至二十世纪中期的历史为论据，说明民族主义的理想与现实 之间的差异与冲突。 四、(1)有关「新帝国主义」(the New Imperialism)的成因有哪些说法？ 请略加批判。(2)新帝国主义与一次大战的发生有何关连？ 五、请将下文中译，然後加以补充和申论。 1. With the death of Geothe in 1832 the classicism of the Enlightenment was interred. Romanticism was in full bloom but it already began to look less to the past and the eternal, and increasingly to the present and its problems. The trend was towards greater realism. This was partly the result of optimism, which turned minds to improvement in this, rather than the next, world. It derived also, oddly perhaps, partly from disappointed hope... 2. Society, if it was to function properly, needed an organizing principle that would both acknowledge humanity's basic selfishness and at the same time compel people to sacrifice at least a portion of their own interests for the good of the majority. That principle, called utilitarianism, stated that every institution, every law, must be measured according to its social usefulness... This philosophy particularly appealed to the industrial middle classes in many ways... 3. The fundamental priciples of politics constitutions exist before all written law. A constitutional law is, and can only be, the development or sanction of an unwritten pre-existing right. The weakness and fragility of a constitution are actually in direct proportion to the multiplicity of written constitutional articles... Since every constitution is divine in its principle, it follows that man can do nothing in this way, unless he reposes himself upon God, whose interment he then becomes. 六、自问自答(视情形给分)。 --

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