選擇題60% d 1.Tests that use a well-defined population of persons for their interpretive framework are referred to as: a.criterion-referenced b.population-referenced c.standard-referenced d.norm-referenced a 2.Suppose that answering “true” to the question “I drink a lot of water” happens to help predict depression. Would it be wise to include this item on a test used to identify depression? a.yes, because the essential characteristic of a good test is that it predicts relevant behaviors b.no, because there is no theoretical link between drinking water and being depressed c.yes, because there is a theoretical link between drinking water and being depressed d.maybe, depending upon the theoretical orientation of the test developer d 3.________ tests are often used to measure a person’s degree of learning, success or accomplishment in a subject matter. a.Intelligence b.Personality c.Aptitude d.Achievement a 4.It is important that the standardization sample be representative of the population for whom the test is intended because a.this allows for the examinee’s relative standing to be determined b.minority groups must be represented in all samples c.the high generalizability is no longer a confounding variable d.test standards require a standardization sample b 5.All of the following are common sources of error in group testing EXCEPT: a.lack of clarity in delivering the directions b.failure to provide allotted break time c.noise distractions d.failure to explain when and if examinees should guess a 6.In general, how do test manuals for group standardized tests handle the issue of guessing? a.they provide explicit instructions to examinees as to the advantages and potential pitfalls of guessing b.they warn examinees that guessing is usually counterproductive c.most commonly, the test manual does not provide any guidance on the pros and cons of guessing d.they explain that guessing seldom improves the score b 7.Suppose a young girl answers correctly on 37 questions from a 50-item test but answers erroneously on 9 questions, leaving 2 questions blank. Suppose there are four alternatives per question. Using established principles of probability,what would be her corrected score? a.32 b.34 c.36 d.37 d 8.Test-anxious students have study habits that are ________ those of other students. a.far superior to b.slightly superior to c.about equally effective as d.worse than c 9.The single most important principle in the ethics of testing is a.confidentiality b.informed consent c.best interests of the client d.validity of results c 10.Individual tests of intelligence, projective personality tests, and neuropsycholoigical test batteries are examples of Level ________ tests. a.A b.B c.C d.D c 11.The idea of stereotype threat is essentially a sophisticated version of a.experimenter expectancy effect b.loose protocol effect c.self-fulfilling prophecy d.regression to the mean c 12.___________ is concept dating back to the 4th century B.C, that suggests we can judge the inner character of people from their outward appearance, especially the face. a.Psychophysics b.Phrenology c.Physiognomy d.Psychograph a 13.The “brass instruments” era was a dead end because a.psychologists mistook simple sensory processes for intelligence b.the tests had a “ceiling” effect c.the tests had a “floor” effect d.there was no attempt to standardize testing methods c 14.The first true intelligence tests were developed for what purpose? a.to identify persons with superior intellect b.to test a complex theory on the growth and change of intellect in early childhood c.to identify children who were unlikely to profit from ordinary instruction d.to solve a personal dispute between two of the most famous psychologists in history a 15.What was Goddard’s opinion about the placement of children who were “ feebleminded?” a.they should be segregated to keep them from contaminating society b.they should be included in general education classrooms to prevent being ostracized c.they should be placed in special education classes to increase their learning curve d.none of the above a 16.Modern personality testing began with the practical need to a.identify WWI Army recruits susceptible to breakdown b.assess persons for employment suitability c.determine the emotional consequences of warfare d.classify WWII Army recruits for different positions d 17.Which test was originally developed to investigate the personality functioning of normal individuals? a.Rorschach test b.Personal Data Sheet c.Bernreuter Personality Inventory d.Thematic Apperception Test a 18.Percentile ranks, age equivalents, grade equivalents, and standard scores are all examples of a.norms b.non-liner transformations c.normal distributions d.all of the above b 19.The essential objective of ________________ is to determine the distribution of raw scores in the norm group so that the test developer can publish derived scores known as norms. a.statistical regression b.test standardization c.data correlation d.obtaining a standard score a 20.Which kind of norms are appropriate for aptitude tests? a.age norms b.grade norms c.both age and grade norms d.neither age nor grade norms b 21.When test scores are expressed as a percentage, with the passing level predetermined, the examiner is probably using a.a norm-referenced test b.a criterion-referenced test c.a norm-referenced or criterion-referenced test d.neither a norm-referenced nor criterion-referenced test a 22.Which of the following is most likely to be a source of measurement error? a.projective tests b.machine scored multiple-choice items c.hand scored multiple-choice items d.true-false items a 23.Classical theory assumes that measurement errors a.are not correlated with true scores b.usually penalize the subject c.are correlated from one test to the next d.can be determined for the individual subject a 24.The major challenge with split-half reliability is a.dividing the test into nearly equivalent halves b.test heterogeneity c.significant practice effects d.the prohibitive cost c 25.The Pearson r between two halves of a test will usually ___________ the reliability of the full instrument. a.overestimate b.approximate c.underestimate d.none of the above b 26.A ________ test allows enough time for test takers to attempt all items, but is constructed so that no test taker is able to obtain a perfect score. a.speed b.power c.screening d.ceiling c 27.Correlations based upon a homogeneous subset of subjects tend to be lower than for the entire group. This is known as a.correlation shrinkage b.power testing c.restriction of range d.none of the above D 28.Many psychometric theorists regard __________ validity as the unifying concept for all types of validity evidence. A.content B.concurrent C.predictive D.construct B 29.Internal consistency is roughly synonymous with A.trait stability B.homogeneity C.item-total independence D.all of the above d 30.A multi-trait multi-method matrix provides information about a.reliability b.convergent validity c.discriminant validity d.all of above a 31.__________ has to do with accurate identification of patients with a syndrome. a.Sensitivity b.Specificity c.Reliability d.Loading a 32.In testing, extra-validity concerns refer to a.unintended side effects of testing b.long-term validity effects c.content, criterion-related, and construct validity d.none of the above a 33.Suppose a test developer has hired a panel of experts to determine the suitability of certain test items for the concept being measured. Most likely, the test developer is concerned with a.content validity b.criterion-related validity c.construct validity d.reliability c 34.The more powerful and useful statistics should only be used with __________ levels of measurement. a.nominal and ordinal b.ordinal and interval c.interval and ratio d.ordinal and ratio c 35.In the method of __________, a set of common test items is administered to two or more age groups. a.factor analysis b.expert rankings c.absolute scaling d.equal-appearing intervals c 36.The following items are probably an example of a __________ scale: ( ) I occasionally feel sad or blue. ( ) I often feel sad or blue. ( ) I feel sad or blue most of the time. ( ) I always feel sad and I can’t stand it. a.Thurstone b.Likert c.Guttman d.Binet c 37.For group-administered tests of intellect or achievement, the technique of choice is the a.short-answer essay b.true-false question c.multiple choice question d.method of matching b 38.The forced-choice methodology is designed to counter the problem of a.guessing b.social desirability c.distractor difficulty d.all of above c 39.Suppose we obtain the following response patterns on a multiple choice question with correct answer “c”: a b c d e high-scores 5 6 80 5 4 low-scores 15 14 40 16 15 What needs to be done to improve this test item? a.the overall difficulty should be decreased b.an alternative answer c should be rewritten c.nothing, this is a good test item d.the distractors should be made more difficult d 40.The expression __________ refers to the phenomenon in which a test predicts a criterion less well when used on a new sample of subjects. a.regression shrinkage b.regression to the mean c.validity reduction d.validity shrinkage c 41.A(n) __________ definition is one that seeks to tell us the true nature of the thing being defined. a.constructivist b.empirical c.real d.operational a 42.In order of importance, experts saw __________ as crucial to intelligence. a.verbal intelligence, problem-solving ability, and practical intelligence b.problem-solving ability, practical intelligence, and verbal intelligence c.practical intelligence, problem-solving ability, and verbal intelligence d.practical intelligence, verbal intelligence, and problem-solving ability d 43.What are the two main forms of factor analysis? a.confirmatory and correlational b.exploratory and correlational c.confirmatory and divergent d.confirmatory and exploratory a 44.Statistically speaking, factor loadings are a.correlation coefficients between variables and factors b.the intercorrelation between variables c.the sum total of the matrix loadings d.a weighted linear sum of the variables b 45.The “sensory keenness” approach to the measurement of intelligence a.died with Galton and Cattell b.has modern proponents such as Jensen c.was discredited by Wechsler d.is exemplified by most modern instruments a 46.A mentally deficient individual who has a highly developed talent in a single area is known as a a.savant b.developmentally disabled person c.mentally deficient person d.none of the above b 47.In Guilford’s system, retrieving from memory items of a specific class, such as naming objects that are both hard and edible, is an example of a.convergent thinking b.divergent thinking c.memory d.evaluation a 48.The __________ refers to biologically-based properties necessary for information processing, such as memory san and speed encoding/decoding a.architectural system b.executive system c.operations system d.neurocognition system b 49.According to Sternberg, a person with good __________ intelligence is able to deal effectively with novel tasks. a.componential b.experiential c.contextual d.fluid a 50.In the information-processing approach to intelligence, schemes (rules of thinking) are an example of a.the executive system b.the architectural system c.metacognition d.hardware 問答題60% 1.In one or two short sentences, describe the most important contributions to psychological testing of the following persons: Wilhelm Wundt, Francis Galton, J. McKeen Cattell, Clark Wissler, Alfred Binet. 2.Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches in selecting a norm group. 3.What is latent trait theory? Why is it an important new procedure in test development? 4.Summarize the kinds of evidence that might be presented to substantiate the construct validity of a test. 5.If you were hired by college administrators to develop a test that successfully identifies future high performing students, what type(s) of item analysis would you want to employ to determine the best items for your test? Explain. 6.Compare and contrast the Cattell-Horn-Carroll and the Gardner models of intelligence. --

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