Cell Stem Cell：人體神經膠質祖細胞可醫治老鼠腦疾 國科學家在6月5日的《細胞─幹細胞》（Cell Stem Cell）發表論文研究嘗 試用人體神經膠質祖細胞醫治患致命大腦疾病的老鼠，取得一定效果。科學 家希望今後幾年內能把這種新療法用于人體臨床試驗，醫治包括先天性遺傳 疾病在內的多種神經疾病。 美國羅切斯特大學的一個研究小組首先培育出一批神經系統發生基因突變的 小鼠，這些小鼠出生後就顫抖不停。然後科學家從人類胎兒大腦中提取神經 膠質祖細胞，並把這些細胞注入小鼠的脊髓。 神經膠質祖細胞可分化為組成髓磷脂的神經膠質細胞，髓磷脂是一種重要的 蛋白質，能幫助神經系統傳導信號。 科學家們為２６只患病幼鼠注射了神經膠質祖細胞，每只注射量為３０萬個 細胞；對另外５９只幼鼠則不進行任何治療。在實驗開始１５０天後，沒有 接受治療的所有幼鼠全部死亡，但接受治療的幼鼠中有６只存活下來，其中 有４只壽命超過１４個月。 研究人員過去４年間不斷完善這種特殊的治療技術，目前可以在５個不同身 體部位向小鼠注射神經膠質祖細胞，以保證這些細胞能夠滲透到小鼠的整個 神經系統。 Cell Stem Cell，Vol 2, 553-565, 05 June 2008，Martha S. Windrem, Steven A. Goldman Neonatal Chimerization with Human Glial Progenitor Cells Can Both Remyelinate and Rescue the Otherwise Lethally Hypomyelinated Shiverer Mouse Summary Congenitally hypomyelinated shiverer mice fail to generate compact myelin and die by 18C21 weeks of age. Using multifocal anterior and posterior fossa delivery of sorted fetal human glial progenitor cells into neonatal shiverer × rag2/ mice, we achieved whole neuraxis myelination of the engrafted hosts, which in a significant fraction of cases rescued this otherwise lethal phenotype. The transplanted mice exhibited greatly prolonged survival with progressive resolution of their neurological deficits. Substantial myelination in multiple regions was accompanied by the acquisition of normal nodes of Ranvier and transcallosal conduction velocities, ultrastructurally normal and complete myelination of most axons, and a restoration of a substantially normal neurological phenotype. Notably, the resultant mice were cerebral chimeras, with murine gray matter but a predominantly human white matter glial composition. These data demonstrate that the neonatal transplantation of human glial progenitor cells can effectively treat disorders of congenital and perinatal hypomyelination. --

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