Cell Stem Cell：人体神经胶质祖细胞可医治老鼠脑疾 国科学家在6月5日的《细胞─干细胞》（Cell Stem Cell）发表论文研究尝 试用人体神经胶质祖细胞医治患致命大脑疾病的老鼠，取得一定效果。科学 家希望今後几年内能把这种新疗法用于人体临床试验，医治包括先天性遗传 疾病在内的多种神经疾病。 美国罗切斯特大学的一个研究小组首先培育出一批神经系统发生基因突变的 小鼠，这些小鼠出生後就颤抖不停。然後科学家从人类胎儿大脑中提取神经 胶质祖细胞，并把这些细胞注入小鼠的脊髓。 神经胶质祖细胞可分化为组成髓磷脂的神经胶质细胞，髓磷脂是一种重要的 蛋白质，能帮助神经系统传导信号。 科学家们为２６只患病幼鼠注射了神经胶质祖细胞，每只注射量为３０万个 细胞；对另外５９只幼鼠则不进行任何治疗。在实验开始１５０天後，没有 接受治疗的所有幼鼠全部死亡，但接受治疗的幼鼠中有６只存活下来，其中 有４只寿命超过１４个月。 研究人员过去４年间不断完善这种特殊的治疗技术，目前可以在５个不同身 体部位向小鼠注射神经胶质祖细胞，以保证这些细胞能够渗透到小鼠的整个 神经系统。 Cell Stem Cell，Vol 2, 553-565, 05 June 2008，Martha S. Windrem, Steven A. Goldman Neonatal Chimerization with Human Glial Progenitor Cells Can Both Remyelinate and Rescue the Otherwise Lethally Hypomyelinated Shiverer Mouse Summary Congenitally hypomyelinated shiverer mice fail to generate compact myelin and die by 18C21 weeks of age. Using multifocal anterior and posterior fossa delivery of sorted fetal human glial progenitor cells into neonatal shiverer × rag2/ mice, we achieved whole neuraxis myelination of the engrafted hosts, which in a significant fraction of cases rescued this otherwise lethal phenotype. The transplanted mice exhibited greatly prolonged survival with progressive resolution of their neurological deficits. Substantial myelination in multiple regions was accompanied by the acquisition of normal nodes of Ranvier and transcallosal conduction velocities, ultrastructurally normal and complete myelination of most axons, and a restoration of a substantially normal neurological phenotype. Notably, the resultant mice were cerebral chimeras, with murine gray matter but a predominantly human white matter glial composition. These data demonstrate that the neonatal transplantation of human glial progenitor cells can effectively treat disorders of congenital and perinatal hypomyelination. --

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