※ [本文轉錄自 SFGiants 看板] 作者: abc12812 (abc12812) 看板: SFGiants 標題: Crossing the Bridge(4-1) 時間: Wed May 14 00:30:04 2008 這是Zito投球分析的最後一篇 先翻譯一部份 (以後會慢慢補上之前的和之後的) http://tinyurl.com/5kweu3 by Paul Nyman May 13, 2008 This series of articles started with “A Bridge Too Far…..” We are now at the “Zito Bridge,” but before we attempt to cross, a brief review of how we got here. 1. There is no such thing as good pitching mechanics, simply because no one can agree as to what they constitute. What does exist are good throwing mechanics as defined by physics, biomechanics, kinesiology, physiology and motor learning and control. Throwing a 95 mph fastball, no matter who throws it, requires the same physics. 2. Pitching is doing everything necessary to defeat the batter. An important (most important?) aspect of pitching skill is throwing the baseball. It becomes a lot easier to get the batter out if you possess speed, location and movement. Speed, location and movement are a result of effective development and use of the kinetic chain. 3. Throwing a baseball is the result of optimizing the kinetic chain/sequence processes. There is the physical component to throwing; i.e., muscle, connective tissue, nervous system or what might be called the "active” part of throwing a baseball. There is also a mechanical (passive) component, governed by the principle of the compound pendulum, the sequential transfer of momentum from feet to fingertips. 4. The mechanical (the mechanics in “pitching mechanics”) aspect of throwing is exclusively the product of rotation and maintaining connection to that rotation. 5. The body throwing a baseball is a “throwing system” and is subject to the principles of complex dynamic systems. Complex dynamic systems exhibit chaotic behavior; simply stated, small changes in any aspect of the throwing process can have significant (positive or negative) effects on the final result . 6. Left handers, by virtue of throwing with that arm, can succeed in spite of throwing the ball with less than maximum efficiency. Many left handers never learn how to throw the ball with the greatest efficiency and effectiveness. 7. Throwing instruction is nonexistent at the professional level, and what constitutes good throwing mechanics is not understood at a level necessary to help players such as Barry Zito. Players are drafted because they know how to throw the baseball (velocity, velocity and more velocity). A player's throwing skill is developed through a trial and error process, starting when the player is very young. All that professional baseball can hope to do is turn throwers into pitchers. These are some of the factors that not only explain what happened to Zito's fastball, but are the keys to finding it again. 我們現在要來解析Zito的問題了。在這之前，先讓我們複習一下之前提到的: 1.沒有所謂"好的"投球機制。一般所謂"好的"投球機制包括了物理、人體力學、體能、 控球...。要投出95mph的速球，背後的物理原理都是相同的。 2.投球就是要幹掉打者。一個重要(最重要?)的關鍵是丟球。有好的球速、控球、尾勁，就 能很容易的解決打者。要能達到這三點，需要的是有效率的投球動作。 3.投球是一連串動態活動的組合。"動態活動"包括肌肉、結締組織、神經系統這些活動的 部份。"組合"(被動)指的是動能動量的轉移過程。 4."機制"指的是旋轉(身體)和維持連續旋轉的產物。 5.整個身體的活動就是一個"丟球系統"。在這個系統上任何一個小改變都有可能大幅改變 最後的結果。 6.左投優勢。很多左投從來沒有學會過有效率的投球。 7.職棒中不存在所謂的"投球指導"。球員會在選秀會中被選是因為他們的投球技巧。而這 些投球技巧是他們從小就開始磨練而得的。職棒能做的只有把"丟球的"轉變為"投手"。 當然，關於Zito的投球還有其他的影響因素，但這七點是關鍵。 In the first article I observed similarities between what happened to Steve Avery and what is potentially happening to Zito. Both are/were 6-foot-4, 200-pound left handers who burst on the MLB scene at a young age and experienced great success for several years, followed by a downward spiral. Zito's apparent decline is occurring over a longer period, but there are significant similarities. Zito and Avery both have/had marginal throwing mechanics, a common characteristic of left-handers. They also possess physical abilities and attributes (size, strength), and of course, most important, both throw left handed. The reason generally given for Avery's decline is an injury he suffered in September of 1993. The injury was reported as a torn muscle under his armpit. He was selected to the All-Star team and had a record of 16-4 entering the Sept. 12, 1993 game against the San Diego Padres. Avery lost and sustained that injury. Many blame Avery's heavy workload as a young pitcher for his injury; he had started 135 major league games before reaching 24. Avery was never again the same pitcher, although he ended the year 18-6 with a 2.94 ERA, a phenomenal record for a team's fourth starter. (Wikipedia 2008) 在第一篇文章中我注意到了ZIto和Avery的相似之處。都是6-foot-4, 200-pound的左投、 在很年輕時就大放異彩，並且在之後逐漸衰退。雖然說Zito的衰退期又更長，但兩者之間 還是有很大的相似之處。 Zito / Avery 都是所謂"最低限投球機制"，一個普遍存在於左投的特點。在體能上也很相 似。當然，最重要的，兩個都是左投。 Avery的衰退主要是因為1993年腋下肌肉的拉傷。 在受傷之前，Avery被選進明星隊並有16-4的成績。在受傷後Avery一蹶不振。很多人認為 過大的工作量是受傷的主因;他在24歲之前先發了135場比賽。即使他在這季最後投出了 18-6, 2.94 ERA，Avery再也不是同一位投手。 -- 先翻到這（好像還沒到重點厚） 預告一下，Zito的問題是動作不連貫 --

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