http://tinyurl.com/ykj6jua Amount Of Anesthetic Given Used In 'Major Surgery' Source: MJFC / LA Times (8-2-2010) In the last hours of his life, Michael Jackson was given a powerful anesthetic at a level equivalent to what would be used in a “major surgery” and in a manner that did not live up to medical standards, according to the autopsy report on the pop icon released Monday by the Los Angeles County coroner's office. 在本週一發布的法醫報告中 MJ被給予了相當於使用在重大手術的麻醉劑量 “The standard of care for administering propofol was not met,” coroners’ examiners wrote in the report. “Recommended equipment for patient monitoring, precision dosing, and resuscitation was not present.” 法醫在報告中表示 沒有符合注射Propofol的標準程序 病人該用的儀器設備 監控設備 正確的劑量 心臟復甦設備都沒有 The report said Jackson died of “acute propofol intoxication” administered by another. Coroner’s officials described a scene around Jackson's bedside that showed a host of problems in using propofol at such a high level. 報告顯示MJ死於 因他人注射導致的急性propofol中毒 而MJ家的設備在使用如此高劑量 的情況下是相當危險的 An oxygen tank was empty and equipment disconnected, and there were no monitors or controlled infusion pump for intravenous administration, they wrote. 氧氣筒是空的 所有的儀器都沒連接 沒有任何監視器 或者是機器控制的輸液儀器 They also found that an anesthesiologist would have noted the other sedative drugs in Jackson’s system would have increased the propofol’s effect on the singer’s lungs and heart. In addition to propofol, Jackson’s blood contained lidocaine, diazepam, nordiazepam, lorazepam, midazolam and ephedrine.“ 他們同時發現 任何其他的麻醉師都會了解 當使用其他麻醉藥 更會增加Propofol對心肺 的影響 MJ的血液中還包括了lidocaine, diazepam, nordiazepam, lorazepam, midazolam and ephedrine There are NO reports of [propofol's] use for insomnia relief, to my knowledge, ” anesthesiology consultant Selma Calmes wrote in the report, underlining and capitalizing the word "no." 報告中 被諮詢的麻醉師寫道 他從沒見過用Propofol來治療失眠 在報告中還用大寫的NO “The only reports of its use in homes are cases of fatal abuse (first reported in 1992), suicide, murder and accident,” she wrote. 他同時寫道 唯一有過在家使用的報告 只用在致命的虐待 自殺 謀殺或意外事故 Because of the risks associated with the drug, it should be administered only by anesthesiologists or other supervised anesthesia providers, trained to recognize respiratory or cardiac problems that can arise, Calmes wrote. 因為這個藥物有其風險 所以應該由麻醉師或是其他受過訓練 了解可能導製心肺功能危險 的人士施打 “Full patient monitoring is required any time propofol is given,” she wrote. 而全程需要完整的監控系統 Precision in the drug’s dosage through a controlled pump is necessary because “of the narrow margin between mere sedation and full general anesthesia,” she wrote. “The levels of propofol found on [the] toxicology exam are similar to those found during general anesthesia for major surgery (intra-abdominal) with propofol infusions.”] 藥物的劑量需要經過能控制的輸液機器 才能控制是一般麻醉或全身麻醉 而在毒物報告中所顯示的劑量 是相當於重大手術(開腹腔手術)的劑量 --

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