想必大家對D Norman提出的affordance並不陌生 而且這個affordance概念也在設計界闖蕩了十幾年有了 在這邊跟大家分享一下Norman在他自己新書 以及他在史丹佛的HCI seminar演講裡皆有 提到關於affordance的澄清: In 1988 I appropriated the concept of affordance for the world of design. Although the concept was readily accepted and is now widely used, it is frequently misunderstood. To Gibson, an affordance exists whether or not anyone ever notices it. To the designer, if affordances are not known, then they might as well not exist. In other words, the designer is primarily concerned with perceived affordances;the perception is critical. As a result, when designer correctly observed that some people were having difficulty using a product because they failed to notice the affordance, they would add visible signs of its existence. But lacking the appropriate vocabulary to describe what they had done, they would say that they had "put an affordance on a product" when in fact they were making visible the presence of an already existing affordance. What they really were adding a signifier. The designers had no choice; no other word existed to describe what they had done (the word "signifier" had not been introduced), so with time, the term "affordance" in design has come to mean something perceptible. I strongly urge the design community to distinguish between affordances and signifiers. In most cases, the word affordance should go away, for invariably the designer only cares about what can be perceived, which means the signifiers . Note that all perceived affordances and signifiers are methods for communication. The art and science of selecting appropriate signifiers is an important design skill: good designs have signifiers that are perceivable and informative as well as being aesthetically pleasing and harmonious with the rest of the product. 覺得看英文很煩的...這段簡單大意是說Norman他認為有許多designer誤解了affordance 的意思, 一直使用perceived affordance 卻忘了物體本身即具有affordance的屬性, 不管這屬性可不可以被察覺到. (他當初的定義裡affordance同時是perceived也是actual properties) 因此為了怕許多設計者繼續誤解 他建議跟perception有關的改為signifier, 而affordance仍然是actual properties. 跟大家分享一下 --

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