想必大家对D Norman提出的affordance并不陌生 而且这个affordance概念也在设计界闯荡了十几年有了 在这边跟大家分享一下Norman在他自己新书 以及他在史丹佛的HCI seminar演讲里皆有 提到关於affordance的澄清: In 1988 I appropriated the concept of affordance for the world of design. Although the concept was readily accepted and is now widely used, it is frequently misunderstood. To Gibson, an affordance exists whether or not anyone ever notices it. To the designer, if affordances are not known, then they might as well not exist. In other words, the designer is primarily concerned with perceived affordances;the perception is critical. As a result, when designer correctly observed that some people were having difficulty using a product because they failed to notice the affordance, they would add visible signs of its existence. But lacking the appropriate vocabulary to describe what they had done, they would say that they had "put an affordance on a product" when in fact they were making visible the presence of an already existing affordance. What they really were adding a signifier. The designers had no choice; no other word existed to describe what they had done (the word "signifier" had not been introduced), so with time, the term "affordance" in design has come to mean something perceptible. I strongly urge the design community to distinguish between affordances and signifiers. In most cases, the word affordance should go away, for invariably the designer only cares about what can be perceived, which means the signifiers . Note that all perceived affordances and signifiers are methods for communication. The art and science of selecting appropriate signifiers is an important design skill: good designs have signifiers that are perceivable and informative as well as being aesthetically pleasing and harmonious with the rest of the product. 觉得看英文很烦的...这段简单大意是说Norman他认为有许多designer误解了affordance 的意思, 一直使用perceived affordance 却忘了物体本身即具有affordance的属性, 不管这属性可不可以被察觉到. (他当初的定义里affordance同时是perceived也是actual properties) 因此为了怕许多设计者继续误解 他建议跟perception有关的改为signifier, 而affordance仍然是actual properties. 跟大家分享一下 --

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