先推 Dustin 老師分享教學心得與句尾 [, Ving] 的邏輯主語（也就 是意義上主詞）的判斷方法。 不過有些例句的標示與個人認知有所出入，所以提出修正說明，給大 家參考一下。 (備註： ,Ving 的可能發生原因很多，建議考生最好找本文法書，讀 一遍關於分詞片語的全部說明，以免掛一漏萬而產生了分析上的錯誤。) ■ 原分析與標示 Executives and federal officials say that (the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers) [, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year.] （事件當邏輯主語） ○修正說明 compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse 中 （使藥物與酒精濫用的效果益形複雜） compounding 的意義上主詞，應該是 the use of crack and cocaine 而不是 the use ... workers。 因為不論是勞工階級，還是白領，快克與古柯鹼的使用都會使得藥 物與酒精的濫用影響更為複雜。所以 compounding 的意義上主詞 ，不應該包含 is growing rapidly among workers 這一部份。 最後修正這句中 [, Ving] 與其意義上主詞對應如下： Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year. ■ 原分析與標示 In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by (filing a deed of emancipation)[, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property.] （修飾動作 filing 的發出者 Robert Carter III 當邏輯主語） ○修正說明 setting free the the more than 500 slaves 中 （解放超過500名奴隸） setting free 的意義上主詞一定是 Robert Carter III，其他任 何部分都不可能做出「解放奴隸」的行為。 最後修正這句中 [, Ving] 與其意義上主詞對應如下： In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property. ■ 原分析與標示 For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, (animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment)[, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.] （修飾對象是謂 語格＋主詞補語 were essential items，抓修飾對象的主語 animal-hide shields） ○修正說明 protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears 中 （保護戰士免受敵人箭矛之傷） protecting 的意義上主詞明顯是 animal-hide shields （動物皮革做的盾） 而不應該包含 were esstial... equipment。 因為有沒有「是重要的軍事設備」都不會影響到 protecting... spears 部分的事實成立與否。 最後修正這句中 [, Ving] 與其意義上主詞對應如下： For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. ■ 原分析與結論 (1) 有沒有發現，儘管句子中有好幾個動作 / 事件，句尾,Ving 在句意上的修飾對像永遠是最靠近它的動作 / 事件。 (2) 所以請不要再傻傻地只會去往句子最前面找主詞囉。 ○修正說明 (1) 不一定。 (2) 還是要！不然會錯。 以上提供給各位做個參考。 謝忠理 [email protected] http://oketw.blogspot.tw ※新班開課 經典美語的 GMAT 最新一期課程從 5/17 開始，歡迎大家來聽聽看如 何培養出裸考700分的實力。 免費試聽【修辭+閱讀+邏輯+數學】報名方式： 請點選下面報名頁面連結，填寫資料即可。謝謝。 http://goo.gl/hb2JqQ --

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