先推 Dustin 老师分享教学心得与句尾 [, Ving] 的逻辑主语（也就 是意义上主词）的判断方法。 不过有些例句的标示与个人认知有所出入，所以提出修正说明，给大 家参考一下。 (备注： ,Ving 的可能发生原因很多，建议考生最好找本文法书，读 一遍关於分词片语的全部说明，以免挂一漏万而产生了分析上的错误。) ■ 原分析与标示 Executives and federal officials say that (the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers) [, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year.] （事件当逻辑主语） ○修正说明 compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse 中 （使药物与酒精滥用的效果益形复杂） compounding 的意义上主词，应该是 the use of crack and cocaine 而不是 the use ... workers。 因为不论是劳工阶级，还是白领，快克与古柯硷的使用都会使得药 物与酒精的滥用影响更为复杂。所以 compounding 的意义上主词 ，不应该包含 is growing rapidly among workers 这一部份。 最後修正这句中 [, Ving] 与其意义上主词对应如下： Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year. ■ 原分析与标示 In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by (filing a deed of emancipation)[, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property.] （修饰动作 filing 的发出者 Robert Carter III 当逻辑主语） ○修正说明 setting free the the more than 500 slaves 中 （解放超过500名奴隶） setting free 的意义上主词一定是 Robert Carter III，其他任 何部分都不可能做出「解放奴隶」的行为。 最後修正这句中 [, Ving] 与其意义上主词对应如下： In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property. ■ 原分析与标示 For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, (animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment)[, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.] （修饰对象是谓 语格＋主词补语 were essential items，抓修饰对象的主语 animal-hide shields） ○修正说明 protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears 中 （保护战士免受敌人箭矛之伤） protecting 的意义上主词明显是 animal-hide shields （动物皮革做的盾） 而不应该包含 were esstial... equipment。 因为有没有「是重要的军事设备」都不会影响到 protecting... spears 部分的事实成立与否。 最後修正这句中 [, Ving] 与其意义上主词对应如下： For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. ■ 原分析与结论 (1) 有没有发现，尽管句子中有好几个动作 / 事件，句尾,Ving 在句意上的修饰对像永远是最靠近它的动作 / 事件。 (2) 所以请不要再傻傻地只会去往句子最前面找主词罗。 ○修正说明 (1) 不一定。 (2) 还是要！不然会错。 以上提供给各位做个参考。 谢忠理 [email protected] http://oketw.blogspot.tw ※新班开课 经典美语的 GMAT 最新一期课程从 5/17 开始，欢迎大家来听听看如 何培养出裸考700分的实力。 免费试听【修辞+阅读+逻辑+数学】报名方式： 请点选下面报名页面连结，填写资料即可。谢谢。 http://goo.gl/hb2JqQ --

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