http://www.nber.org/papers/w4597.pdf 〈The Politics of Free Trade Agreements〉 by Elhanan Helpman & Gene Grossman [Abstract] Suppose that an opportunity arises for two countries to negotiate a free trade agreement (FTA). Will an FTA between these countries be politically viable? And if so, what form will it take? We address these questions using a political-economy framework that emphasizes the interaction between industry special interest groups and an incumbent government. We describe the economic conditions necessary for an FTA to be an equilibrium outcome, both for the case when the agreement must cover all bilateral trade and when a few, politically sensitive sectors can be excluded from the agreement. 在福利分析段落提到的 trade creation（貿易創造）跟 trade diversion（貿易轉向） 可以在國際貿易理論專書關於區域經濟整合的章節中查詢 ==================== http://www.nber.org/papers/w5355.pdf 〈Technology, Trade, and Factor Prices〉 by Paul Krugman [Abstract] A number of recent studies appear to show that international trade is a secondary factor in the growing inequality of wages, with technology probably the main culprit. These studies have, however, been subjected to severe and in some cases harshly worded criticism by trade theorists, who argue that the authors of these studies have misspecified the impacts of both technology and trade on factor prices. This paper shows that it is the critics who are confused. In particular, much recent discussion about technology, trade, and wages is marked by a failure to distinguish between the models we all use and the particular thought experiments we typically use to teach these models -- which happen not to be the appropriate thought experiments we need to analyze the real-world issues. ==================== http://www.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/pk-bpea-draft.pdf 〈Trade and Wages, Reconsidered〉 by Paul Krugman 陳博志提到的文章，基本上就是對上篇文章的再思考 8,90 年代貿易領域著名三 man，沒修過貿論的可以順便認識一下 又看到光拿本《一課經濟學》就來包山包海做政策評論的 如果你的醫生說他都不是靠新英格蘭醫學期刊，而是健康小百科這類讀物來充實醫學知識 你敢給他醫嗎？ 入門書不是不好，易上手的代價就在知識有限 更別說貿論教科書本身也會談最適關稅 比如針對國外獨占廠商，本國政府可以透過課稅來提升福利的狀況 又以金融海嘯為例，Bernanke 於 07 下半年就開始降息了 （其理論基礎與政策應用：http://tinyurl.com/yg7t3p9 http://tinyurl.com/2wja；http://tinyurl.com/6rprb7） 在 08 年普遍憂慮高通膨的氛圍下曾被罵翻天 該年 9 月出現要財政部紓困的議題時，Lucas 還說： 「情勢或許會變得緊迫，但此刻並不那麼急，目前就只是個金融業的問題。」 （by #18tnvKa7） 對現實的社會情況如何，大師們意見都未必一致了 又怎能妄想光靠本入門書來當政策指引？ --

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