http://www.nber.org/papers/w4597.pdf 〈The Politics of Free Trade Agreements〉 by Elhanan Helpman & Gene Grossman [Abstract] Suppose that an opportunity arises for two countries to negotiate a free trade agreement (FTA). Will an FTA between these countries be politically viable? And if so, what form will it take? We address these questions using a political-economy framework that emphasizes the interaction between industry special interest groups and an incumbent government. We describe the economic conditions necessary for an FTA to be an equilibrium outcome, both for the case when the agreement must cover all bilateral trade and when a few, politically sensitive sectors can be excluded from the agreement. 在福利分析段落提到的 trade creation（贸易创造）跟 trade diversion（贸易转向） 可以在国际贸易理论专书关於区域经济整合的章节中查询 ==================== http://www.nber.org/papers/w5355.pdf 〈Technology, Trade, and Factor Prices〉 by Paul Krugman [Abstract] A number of recent studies appear to show that international trade is a secondary factor in the growing inequality of wages, with technology probably the main culprit. These studies have, however, been subjected to severe and in some cases harshly worded criticism by trade theorists, who argue that the authors of these studies have misspecified the impacts of both technology and trade on factor prices. This paper shows that it is the critics who are confused. In particular, much recent discussion about technology, trade, and wages is marked by a failure to distinguish between the models we all use and the particular thought experiments we typically use to teach these models -- which happen not to be the appropriate thought experiments we need to analyze the real-world issues. ==================== http://www.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/pk-bpea-draft.pdf 〈Trade and Wages, Reconsidered〉 by Paul Krugman 陈博志提到的文章，基本上就是对上篇文章的再思考 8,90 年代贸易领域着名三 man，没修过贸论的可以顺便认识一下 又看到光拿本《一课经济学》就来包山包海做政策评论的 如果你的医生说他都不是靠新英格兰医学期刊，而是健康小百科这类读物来充实医学知识 你敢给他医吗？ 入门书不是不好，易上手的代价就在知识有限 更别说贸论教科书本身也会谈最适关税 比如针对国外独占厂商，本国政府可以透过课税来提升福利的状况 又以金融海啸为例，Bernanke 於 07 下半年就开始降息了 （其理论基础与政策应用：http://tinyurl.com/yg7t3p9 http://tinyurl.com/2wja；http://tinyurl.com/6rprb7） 在 08 年普遍忧虑高通膨的氛围下曾被骂翻天 该年 9 月出现要财政部纾困的议题时，Lucas 还说： 「情势或许会变得紧迫，但此刻并不那麽急，目前就只是个金融业的问题。」 （by #18tnvKa7） 对现实的社会情况如何，大师们意见都未必一致了 又怎能妄想光靠本入门书来当政策指引？ --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 211.74.191.239 ※ 编辑: DarthRaider 来自: 211.74.191.239 (01/04 15:47)