※ 引述《idtonychung (小鍾)》之銘言： : 題目是這樣子的 : Suppose that the oil industry in Utopia is perfectly competitive and that all : firms draw oil from a single (and practically inexhaustible)pool. Each : competitor believes that he or she can sell all the oil he or she can produce : at a stable world price of $10 per barrel and that the cost of operating a : well for one year is $1,000. Total output per year (Q) of the oil field is a : function of the number of wells (N) operating in the field. In particular, : Q=500N-N^2 and the amount of oil produced by each well (q) is given by : q=Q/N=500-N. : a. Describe the equilibrium output and the equilibrium number of wells in : this perfect competitive case. Is there a divergence between private and : social marginal cost in the industry? perfectly competitive下,個別廠商利潤為0 P*q=10*(500-N)=profit=cost=1000 : b. Suppose that the government nationalizes the oil field. How many oil : wells should it operate? What will total output be? What will the output per : well be? Max total profit = Max P*Q-1000*N : c. As an alternative to nationalization, the Utopian government is : considering an annual license fee per well to discourage overdrilling. How : large should this license fee be to promote the industry to drill the optimal : number of wells? 解出上題的Q之後,可以算出個別的q 在此q之下,個別廠商會有超額利潤, 為了防止其他廠商進入市場造成社會效率損失 所以要把他們的超額利潤榨乾 P*q=10*(500-N)=profit=cost=1000+license fee : 老實說這題我苦思不得其解，a小提我是在猜用極大化Q，這樣社會的總收益應該會最大， 並不會 : 後面兩題就真的沒有頭緒了.... 隨便寫不知道有沒有算錯... --

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