※ 引述《idtonychung (小锺)》之铭言： : 题目是这样子的 : Suppose that the oil industry in Utopia is perfectly competitive and that all : firms draw oil from a single (and practically inexhaustible)pool. Each : competitor believes that he or she can sell all the oil he or she can produce : at a stable world price of $10 per barrel and that the cost of operating a : well for one year is $1,000. Total output per year (Q) of the oil field is a : function of the number of wells (N) operating in the field. In particular, : Q=500N-N^2 and the amount of oil produced by each well (q) is given by : q=Q/N=500-N. : a. Describe the equilibrium output and the equilibrium number of wells in : this perfect competitive case. Is there a divergence between private and : social marginal cost in the industry? perfectly competitive下,个别厂商利润为0 P*q=10*(500-N)=profit=cost=1000 : b. Suppose that the government nationalizes the oil field. How many oil : wells should it operate? What will total output be? What will the output per : well be? Max total profit = Max P*Q-1000*N : c. As an alternative to nationalization, the Utopian government is : considering an annual license fee per well to discourage overdrilling. How : large should this license fee be to promote the industry to drill the optimal : number of wells? 解出上题的Q之後,可以算出个别的q 在此q之下,个别厂商会有超额利润, 为了防止其他厂商进入市场造成社会效率损失 所以要把他们的超额利润榨乾 P*q=10*(500-N)=profit=cost=1000+license fee : 老实说这题我苦思不得其解，a小提我是在猜用极大化Q，这样社会的总收益应该会最大， 并不会 : 後面两题就真的没有头绪了.... 随便写不知道有没有算错... --

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