※ 引述《shefans0530 (就是我)》之銘言： : 以下是財政原文課本的兩個段落，這個章節主要在講「美國的移轉支付」的問題（公共選 : 擇的觀點下），其中其實有五六個段落是老師要求我們自己讀，基本上是希望我們理解「 : 人們為什麼會從自私到願意捐錢給社會福利機構」的問題，我打的是比較難懂也比較重要 : 的兩個段落，老師要我們讀的範圍我大概還ok，[ ] 的部份還好， ” ”的部份則是幾乎 : 無法理解，如果各位大大能整體提一下我將會非常感激，若沒有很多時間的大大，能夠幫 : 助我引號的部份我也萬分感謝！！！ : 這是期中考考題...老師目前堅持不公佈答案...只好求救於...各位大大...T^T : Q：詳細比較公共選擇觀點（public choice perspective）與主流觀點（mainstream : view）對社會保險（social security）與社會救濟（social assistance）的看法的異同 : 。 : The Public Choice Perspective on Public Assistance（這是課本那段標題） : 下面取三段 : People may be self-interested, but they also clearly have altruistic or : charitable impulses that contribute to their own utility. 在自利行為因~~也可提升自己的效用 We know this: because many people contribute to private charities and their contributions : are entirely voluntary. These contributions obviously increase the donor’s : own utility or they would not be given. 因為~~~而決定效用之提升或降低 Public assistance can be viewed as an extension of private charity – the free-rider problem. 社會救助會產生"免費搭公車的心態" : Before looking at the free-rider problem associated with charitable giving, : note the subtle difference in the mainstream and public choice views of : public assistance. [[[ The mainstream, social welfare view of public assistance : sees it as a win-lose proposition. When wearing their other-interested hats : and thinking about distributive justice, people conclude that public : assistance is appropriate. """They would rather not pay the taxes to support : public assistance from their narrow self-interested economic perspective, but : they reluctantly do so to support the public interest in end-results equity. : Under this line of thought, public assistance is viewed as a win-lose : proposition: the poor beneficiaries of public assistance gain utility but the : nonpoor lose utility when they pay their taxes. Not so under the public : choice perspective.""" Voluntary gifts to private charities are clearly a : win-win proposition: the donors gain utility along with the beneficiaries of : their gifts. Since public assistance is just an extension of private charity, : it too is a win-win proposition. ]]] : Win-win proposition sound more like issues of efficiency than of equity. 雙贏創造出的配置效率更甚於公平 : Recall that inefficiencies place society below its utility possibilities : frontier. 在"SPPC"曲線內代表生產無效率 Correcting an inefficiency and returning to the frontier leads to : the possibility that everyone gains. 滿足"SPPC"線上之組合即為效率 In contrast, the mainstream view of : redistributional policies is that they move society along the utility : possibilities frontier, with the result that some people gain and others lose. 變動"SPPC"~有人得利，有人受損~~~~ 但我覺得SPPC +SIC~光移動一個無法滿足配置效率=>提升生產效率或交易效率或二者 : 最後，不管有沒有幫忙，感謝看完的各位。 ~請不要從字面翻 從福利經濟學 +福祉財政 來看 => 我猜的~ --

※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 140.128.195.241 ※ 編輯: aguey 來自: 140.128.195.241 (12/28 09:16)