※ 引述《shefans0530 (就是我)》之铭言： : 以下是财政原文课本的两个段落，这个章节主要在讲「美国的移转支付」的问题（公共选 : 择的观点下），其中其实有五六个段落是老师要求我们自己读，基本上是希望我们理解「 : 人们为什麽会从自私到愿意捐钱给社会福利机构」的问题，我打的是比较难懂也比较重要 : 的两个段落，老师要我们读的范围我大概还ok，[ ] 的部份还好， ” ”的部份则是几乎 : 无法理解，如果各位大大能整体提一下我将会非常感激，若没有很多时间的大大，能够帮 : 助我引号的部份我也万分感谢！！！ : 这是期中考考题...老师目前坚持不公布答案...只好求救於...各位大大...T^T : Q：详细比较公共选择观点（public choice perspective）与主流观点（mainstream : view）对社会保险（social security）与社会救济（social assistance）的看法的异同 : 。 : The Public Choice Perspective on Public Assistance（这是课本那段标题） : 下面取三段 : People may be self-interested, but they also clearly have altruistic or : charitable impulses that contribute to their own utility. 在自利行为因~~也可提升自己的效用 We know this: because many people contribute to private charities and their contributions : are entirely voluntary. These contributions obviously increase the donor’s : own utility or they would not be given. 因为~~~而决定效用之提升或降低 Public assistance can be viewed as an extension of private charity – the free-rider problem. 社会救助会产生"免费搭公车的心态" : Before looking at the free-rider problem associated with charitable giving, : note the subtle difference in the mainstream and public choice views of : public assistance. [[[ The mainstream, social welfare view of public assistance : sees it as a win-lose proposition. When wearing their other-interested hats : and thinking about distributive justice, people conclude that public : assistance is appropriate. """They would rather not pay the taxes to support : public assistance from their narrow self-interested economic perspective, but : they reluctantly do so to support the public interest in end-results equity. : Under this line of thought, public assistance is viewed as a win-lose : proposition: the poor beneficiaries of public assistance gain utility but the : nonpoor lose utility when they pay their taxes. Not so under the public : choice perspective.""" Voluntary gifts to private charities are clearly a : win-win proposition: the donors gain utility along with the beneficiaries of : their gifts. Since public assistance is just an extension of private charity, : it too is a win-win proposition. ]]] : Win-win proposition sound more like issues of efficiency than of equity. 双赢创造出的配置效率更甚於公平 : Recall that inefficiencies place society below its utility possibilities : frontier. 在"SPPC"曲线内代表生产无效率 Correcting an inefficiency and returning to the frontier leads to : the possibility that everyone gains. 满足"SPPC"线上之组合即为效率 In contrast, the mainstream view of : redistributional policies is that they move society along the utility : possibilities frontier, with the result that some people gain and others lose. 变动"SPPC"~有人得利，有人受损~~~~ 但我觉得SPPC +SIC~光移动一个无法满足配置效率=>提升生产效率或交易效率或二者 : 最後，不管有没有帮忙，感谢看完的各位。 ~请不要从字面翻 从福利经济学 +福祉财政 来看 => 我猜的~ --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 140.128.195.241 ※ 编辑: aguey 来自: 140.128.195.241 (12/28 09:16)