http://www.facebook.com/pages/MOJO-DRUM-GROOVING-GALLERY/183526625031223 Some Tips Toward More Effective Practice 有效練習的撇步 By Mike Myers MODERN DRUMMER, JULY 1988 At one time or another, we've all heard that ageless expression: "Practice makes perfect." But does it really? If so, why do some drummers practice almost endlessly, only to achieve limited results, while others practice a minimum amount of time and advance rapidly? 我們大概都曾聽過這樣亙古不變的說法：「練習造就完美」。但，果真如此嗎？如果是這 樣，為什麼有些鼓手幾乎是無窮無盡地練習，只得到很有限的成果，而有些人花最少的時 間，卻進步神速？ Setting aside natural-born musical abilities, the answer lies in individual practice methods. There are almost as many different practice methods as there are drummers. Some practice routines are conducive to improvement, while others actually restrict it. Practicing just for the sake of practicing cannot ensure progress, and neither can poorly organized, occasional practice. 撇開音樂天份不談的話，這個問題關鍵就在於個人練習的方法。這世界上有多少鼓手，大 概就有多少不同的練習方式。有些練習模式會導引進步，但有些事實上是限制了進步。光 是為了練習而練習，或者是雜亂無章、偶爾為之的練習方式，都無法確保進步。 Since practice methods vary significantly from person to person, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to prescribe a "correct" way to practice. However, there are some successful practice methods that I have observed and also recommended as a teacher, which bear offering in an attempt to make your practice time more beneficial. 既然練習方式因人而異，那麼要描述一個「正確」的練習方式，如果不是不可能，也至少 是很困難的事情。不過，有一些成功的練習方法，是我觀察到、且會以老師的身分推薦的 ，它們能夠讓你的練習時間更加有益處。 1. Locate a practice space. The first procedure should be the location of a suitable practice facility. Where it is located is not really important. (I have practiced in bedrooms, bandhalls, practice rooms, and even a storage closet in an unused corner or a church.) The important thing is to make sure that the area has adequate lighting and ventilation, and can be securely locked. Places where equipment can be left for extended periods of time usually work best. 1. 固定一個練習的空間。第一步是把適當的練習器材就定位。地點在哪裡並不太重要(我 在臥室、大禮堂、練團室、甚至是在教堂閒置空間一角的儲藏櫃裡都練習過)。重點是要 確認該場所有充足的照明和通風，而且可以牢牢鎖上。能夠讓器材留在原地、方便長期練 習的地點，通常最有利。 Next, check with everyone within earshot of your practice area. Make sure it is okay with them if you practice, and agree on what hours of the day it will be tolerated. A method I always use is to approach neighbors, friends, etc., explain that I am going to be practicing drums nearby, and promise not to practice past 10:00 P.M. I also ask them to call if the practicing ever becomes too loud. (So far, no one ever has.) 接下來，向你練習時聲音所及範圍裡的每個人確認他們能夠接受你的練習，以及所能夠容 忍的每日練習時數。我總是用這個方法：跑去找鄰居朋友(或之類的人)，向他們解釋我打 算在附近練習，並承諾過了晚上十點就不會練習。我也請他們在練習音量太大的時候來電 提醒。(目前為止，沒人撥過電話。) 2. Plan practice sessions in advance. Planning is one of the most crucial elements of effective practice. An enormous amount of practice time is often wasted due to poor planning and organization. A person who boasts of practicing an hour a day may in fact be wasting as much as 30 minutes sorting through materials and deciding what to work on, or playing over material that is already mastered. Know what you want to accomplish before each practice session. Simply going in to the drums thinking that you will become better just because you are practicing anything won't do. 2. 事先計畫好練習的時程。計畫，是有效練習的要素之一。有一大堆時間常常是被乏善 可陳的計畫和組織給浪費掉的。一個號稱每天都練一小時的人，可能浪費了30分鐘在挑選 要練的材料，或是演奏他已經精通了的東西。在每段練習前就要先知道你要完成什麼目標 。如果僅僅是坐到鼓前面，然後想著你有練習就會有進步，是沒有用的。 3. Long-range/short-range goals. Plan long-range as well as short-range goals. Long-range goals are self-set goals for six months or a year from now, such as "I want to be able to play a good samba groove" Short-range goals are for today, like "I am going to learn samba exercises 1 to 10 on page 30." Map out beforehand realistic/obtainable long-range and short-range practice goals, and set out to achieve them. 3. 設定長程和短程目標。長程目標是半年或一年左右的自設目標，例如「我想要能夠把 森巴律動演奏好」。短程目標是為今日而設，例如「我要把第30頁的森巴練習1到10學起 來」。事先規劃好實際的/可達的長程和短程練習目標，然後努力達成。 4. Set up a specific practice order. If a specific practice order is followed from day to day, practice time will become more beneficial. The key is to make the best use of available time in order to produce the maximum results. Having a specific practice order that is regularly followed gives an organizational structure to practice and leaves less to chance. This is not to say that you may not want to vary your order from time to time, in order to give extra attention to a certain area. But planning a regular daily practice routine will be a step in the direction of more effective practice. Here are my suggestions, along with a possible time allotment for each. 4. 建立特定的練習順序。如果每天遵循一個特定的練習順序，練習時間將會越來越有效 。關鍵在於，好好運用可用的時間去產生最大效果。遵循一個特定練習順序能夠賦予練習 一個組織架構，而減少碰運氣的成份。這並不是在說你不能改變這個秩序，好去關注一些 特定的領域；但是，做一個日常練習流程的計畫，會是邁向更有效練習的第一步。以下是 我的建議順序，還有每部份可能的時間分配： A. Warm up (five to 30 minutes). Warm hands up by practicing rolls, technical exercises, scales, rudiments, etc. This prepares the hands as well as the mind for challenging material ahead. Be cautious, though, not to practice technique exercises blindly with no thought processes involved. Careful thought and evaluation should be given to technique each day, in order for improvement to take place. A. 暖身(5-30分鐘)。用輪鼓、技巧練習、音階、基本練習之類的東西來暖手。這是在讓 身心都準備好接受後續練習材料的挑戰。但，要小心，不要盲目地做技巧練習而沒有思考 的過程。為了產生進步，應該要對每天的技巧部分加以謹慎的思考和評估。 B. Learn new music/correct problem spots (30 minutes to one hour). At this time, the mind and hands are the most alert. Use this time to learn new music and correct problem spots in old music. You can use this time for working out that fill-in during the bridge of the song that you folded on at the job last night, cleaning up the two seven-stroke rolls that are always sloppy, learning the notes of the run on the third page of the mallet solo, getting the tuning changes worked out that take place between movements of the timpani solo, etc. Have specific goals in mind that are determined before beginning to practice. B. 學習新的音樂，或是修正有問題的地方(30-60分鐘)。在這段時間，手和腦最為警醒。 利用這段時間去弄清楚你昨晚搞砸的橋接過門、釐清那兩個總是不對勁的7-stroke rolls 、把第三頁的獨奏的槌法學起來、把定音鼓solo動機之間的轉調搞定，諸如此類。在開始 練習前，就要在腦中決定好清楚的特定目標。 Many times, this is the most frustrating segment of practicing. It is often difficult to work on new or challenging music. But remember, Rome wasn"t built in a day, and neither was Gadd. Miracles can"t happen overnight, so be realistic. Don't attempt too much in one practice. Take big problems and break them down into a bunch of small problems. then convert them into your short-range goals, and attack them one at a time. It is much better to take a difficult measure and practice it again and again, until played perfectly, than to stop every time that measure is encountered and say, "I always have trouble with this part." 很多時候，這是練習當中最令人挫折的片段。練習新的或是有挑戰性的音樂，通常是很困 難的。但是記住，羅馬不是一天造成的，Gadd(Steve Gadd)也不是；奇蹟不會一夜發生， 所以實際一點吧。不要企圖在一次練習裡處理太多東西。把大問題分解成幾堆小問題。不 斷反覆練習困難的小節，直到能夠完美演奏；這比起每次遇到同個小節就停下來說「我在 這部分總是有問題」，要來得好太多了。 C. Take a break (five minutes). During practice sessions longer than an hour, take a short break. After an intense practice, you will need one! Let the mind relax a bit and refresh for what is ahead. After a break, the mind is clearer and can function more efficiently. Long practice sessions go more smoothly if interspersed with regular short breaks. C. 休息(5分鐘)。在超過1小時的練習時段中，稍事休息。在密集的練習後，你會需要的 ！讓大腦放鬆一下，恢復精神，才好繼續後面的練習。休息過後，腦子會更清楚，而且運 作得更有效率。有間歇的規律休息，長時間練習會進行得更順利。 D. Review learned material (ten minutes to one hour). Go back and play the piece that you have been correcting all the way through. Then, if desired, play other material that brings you personal pleasure. This can be music you learned last week or last month. The whole purpose of this practice segment is to reinforce concepts you've already learned. D. 複習已經學過的材料(10-60分鐘)。回頭去演奏那些你已經徹底修正過的片段。如果你 想要的話，接著演奏其他會讓你感到開心的音樂，可以是你上週或上個月所學過的東西。 這個練習段落的目的，是為了強化你已經學過的觀念。 E. Sight-read (ten to 30 minutes). Somewhere in the latter part of the practice session, it is a good idea to sharpen an important musical ability-the art of sightreading. The sight-reading potential is often the most underdeveloped musical ability we posses. It needs constant practice and refinement. Daily sight-reading practice will be very beneficial. E. 視譜(10-30分鐘)。在練習的後段，加強視譜這個重要的音樂能力是個不錯的點子。視 譜的潛能通常是我們所擁有的音樂能力當中，最少被開發的；它需要持續的練習和改善。 每天做視譜練習將會很有益。 Make sure to locate good literature to practice sight-reading. Don't choose material that is too difficult; it become discouraging and also will not carry over to actual situations. On the other hand, don't read music that is too easy, or the skill will not carry over to situations where actual sightreading is required. 要確保選擇好的材料來練習視譜。不要選太難的，它會很讓人洩氣，而且也沒辦法實際持 續下去。另一方面，也不要用太簡單的譜，否則你的技術會沒辦法滿足實務上的視譜需求 。 5. Conclusion of practice. When concluding practice sessions, some people like to do physical exercises-as well as other playing exercises-which they call "warming down." Other people to immediately to the television. I like to reflect back over the session, and think about what I accomplished and where I still have to go. I will think about such things as: "The four problem measures at letter A are going much better today; I'm finally playing the correct rhythm in the last two measures; I'm understanding the song form much better now." 5. 練習的總結。要替整個練習做結尾時，有些人喜歡做些運動，或是演奏練習曲，他們 稱之為「收操」。另外有些人立刻跑去看電視。我喜歡回想整個練習，然後思考我達成了 什麼、還要往哪裡繼續努力。我會想這類的事情：「A段那四個有問題的小節今天好多了 。我終於在最後兩個小節打出正確的節奏；我現在對這首歌瞭解多了。」 While everything is still fresh, plan sort-range goals for tomorrow, such as, "I'm playing better fills on the rock chart, but tomorrow I will improve my time and polish the fills a bit more," or "Tomorrow I'm going to work out the second phrase at letter C that I didn't get today," etc. It's better to work out your goals when you have a chance to realistically monitor your progress. 當一切都還記憶猶新，計畫一下明天的短程目標，例如「rock chart 上的過門我現在打 得比較好了，但明天我要改善我的拍子，然後要讓過門再更好一點」，或是「明天我要把 今天沒弄通的C段第二段給弄清楚」，之類的。在有機會還能很實際地監控你自己的進展 時，就來把你的目標想清楚，這樣是比較好的。 6. Daily schedule. Every teacher recommends a different practice schedule. Some require seven days a week, while others may only require two or three. I personally recommend practicing a minimum of five days a week. You will find that the greatest progress will occur when you plan an individual practice schedule and stick with it, week after week. It will become a routine-part of your life! 6. 日課表。每個老師會推薦不同的練習課表。有的要求一週7天，有的只需要2或3天。我 個人推薦每週至少5天。你會發現最大的進步會發生在你規劃好個人的練習課表並且每週 都嚴格遵守它。這會成為你生命的一部分日常慣例！ Again, I must state that there are many good practice methods. I have only presented one approach, which has proven successful for myself and my students. Take some time, and concentrate on which method will work best for you. Then, plan out a personal practice schedule to produce the maximum results. 我要再說一次，有很多好的練習方法存在。我只呈現了一種對我和我的學生來說證實是成 功的方法。花一些時間，專注在對你最有效的方法上。然後，規劃一份個人練習課表，去 產生最大的練習效果。 =========================================================================================================== 以上翻譯 from 語言小天才兼歌唱小天后~~李南瓜 德筠 超級感謝 在雜誌上看到的文章，po上來希望大家可以討論交流 --

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