assays of 郭敏玲 List 4 different points for the DNA rearrangement between immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. Ig TCR somatic hypermutation o x N-nucleotide addition heavy chain both heavy/light chain class switch o x one turn-two turn rule V-D-J V-D-D-....-D-J (VJthe same) (VJ different) Please describe the experiment that demonstrated the T cells were responsible for carrier effect. 將X光照過的老鼠取來, 一隻注入DNP-BSA , 一支注入BGG a.取2者spleen cells注入另一隻也被X光照過的老鼠身上 b.將BGG混合 anti-thy-1, complement 再和DNP-BSA 注入和前面synergy之老鼠 c.將DNP-BSA混合 anti-thy-1, complement 再和 BGG注入同前之synergy老鼠 將以上3個都加入DNP-BGG, 觀察是否和DNP形成次級反應 結果 a: + b:- c:+ 因hapten需要和carrier共同作用才可引發反應, 而將T cell由carrier中消滅後 無法形成反應 故可證明其中要達成次級反應要T cell的參與 Superantigens have been implicated in several diseases and have been useful as research tools. (6%) 1.What properties of superantigens distinguish them from conventional antigens? 可以活化多種淋巴球 會和MHC 的 α chain 和TCR的Vβdomain 2.By what mechanism are bacterial superantigens thought to cause symptoms associated with food poisoning and toxic-shock syndrome? 因為他活化了大量淋巴球會形成 cytokine storm 3.Does the activity of superantigens exhibit MHC restriction? No. How do T cells provide competent and progression signals in B-cell activation? antigen + mIg : signal 1, 使得MHC和B7表現增加而被TCR辨識並結合 之後T cell被刺激表現出CD40L 會和 B cell 上的CD40結合: signal 2 同時, B7會和T cell 上的CD28結合刺激了T cell進一步釋放cytokine competence:G0-G1 progression:G1-S1 寫出兩種apoptosis路徑(不會) 1.Fas-mediated route: FasL-Fas ↓ Procap8 → cap8 (cap=caspase) ↓ Truncated Bid → mitochondria pathway → apoptosis + Procap3 → cap3 → apoptosis 2.TCR-mediated (Truncated Bid →) Cytochrome C被釋放 + Apaf1 ↓ + Procap9 → cap9 → apoptosome ↓ Procap3 → cap3 → apoptosis B cell negative selection 如果B cell產生之抗體會自我辨識, 則會在骨髓進行clonal deletion 當某種抗原不在骨髓中表現(tissue-specific)則會在peripheral lymphoid tissue進行 Affinity maturation germinal center 中的follicular dendritic cell會對B cell進行篩選 會傾向留下高親和力的B cell assays of 周開平 Please elaborate the importance of the inducible expression of co-stimulatory molecules for T and APC in the immune response. 當TCR-CD3 complex和antigenic peptide結合交互作用產生signal 1 接下來APC上的B7和TCR上的CD28(CTLA-4:活化之T cell會分泌)交互作用 提供了抗原非專一性的共同刺激訊號並會活化T cell(後者抑制T cell活化) 而signal 2會增加CTLA-4的表現而可以阻止CD28過度產生 如果缺乏此種刺激訊號會造成T cell 過度增殖導致淋巴節和脾臟腫大 不久後死亡 How is T cell self tolerance achieved in the central lymphoid organ? 在central lymphoid organ中, 會和自體抗原產生高親和力的T cell將會被 進行negative selection而被清除, 此即表現self-tolerant How are T cells generated during T cell development? pro-T cell-->pre-Tα -->pre-TCR-->double positive -->double negative(γδ)T cell --

※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 163.25.118.143 ※ 編輯: thomasjr 來自: 163.25.115.30 (12/20 11:37) ※ 編輯: thomasjr 來自: 163.25.115.30 (12/20 12:37)